Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly and a membrane-electrode assembly manufactured using the same. The method includes forming a laminated structure, and treating the laminated structure, for example, by drying and heat treating. The laminated structure includes a release film, an anode layer, a porous support layer, and a cathode layer.

A heat treatment method performed to form a particle structure of a carbon-supported metal catalyst includes preparing the carbon-supported metal catalyst by supporting metals on a support including carbon. The heat treatment method also includes applying heat shock to the carbon-supported metal catalyst. The applying heat shock to the carbon-supported metal catalyst includes raising a temperature of the carbon-supported metal catalyst to a first temperature and lowering the temperature of the carbon-supported metal catalyst to a second temperature. A difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is 500 C. to 1,100 C. The applying heat shock to the carbon-supported metal catalyst is repeated at least once. A carbon-supported metal catalyst is prepared by the heat treatment method.

A negative electrode of a secondary battery may include an electrode plate including lead; and an active material layer provided on the electrode plate and including composite particles having a core-shell structure, wherein a core of the composite particle includes lead; a shell of the composite particle includes carbon; and a specific surface area of the composite particles is 1 to 5,000 m.sup.2/g.

One variation of a method for fabricating an electrolyte includes: depositing an electrolyte material over a substrate, the electrolyte material including a monomer miscible in a first volume of solvent, a polymer semi-miscible in the monomer and miscible in the first volume of solvent, and a photoinitiator; exposing the electrolyte material to electromagnetic radiation to disassociate the photoinitiator into a reactive subspecie that crosslinks the monomer to form an electrolyte structure with the polymer phase-separated from the electrolyte structure; dissolving the polymer out of the electrolyte structure with a second volume of solvent to render a network of open-cell pores in the electrolyte structure; and exposing the electrolyte structure to a third volume of solvent and ions to fill the network of open-cell pores with solvated ions.

A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25 C. to about 100 C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5 C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500 C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10 C. to about 30 C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.

A positive electrode for a lithium-air battery includes a porous film, in which a carbon fiber composite, including an insulation coating layer formed on the outer surface of a tube-type carbon structure, is irregularly arranged. Therefore, it is possible to control the shape and size of a discharge product by inducing generation of the discharge product inside the tube-type carbon structure, thereby reducing overvoltage of a battery and improving the lifespan of the battery.

A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25 C. to about 100 C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5 C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500 C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10 C. to about 30 C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing an integrated MEA, the method includes the following steps: (1) providing a substrate having an AA region and a WVT region; (2) simultaneously coating a microporous layer, a catalyst layer, and a first membrane ionomer layer onto the substrate; (3) applying an optional membrane support layer to the first membrane ionomer layer in the AA region and the WVT region; (4) applying an optional second membrane ionomer layer; (5) heating treating a coated substrate; and (6) assembling the coated substrate to a companion coated substrate.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for a solid polymer fuel cell that includes catalyst particles supported on a carbon powder carrier, the catalyst particles containing platinum, cobalt, and manganese. In the catalyst particles of the catalyst, the component ratio of platinum, cobalt, and manganese is Pt:Co:Mn=1:0.25 to 0.28:0.07 to 0.10 in a molar ratio, the average particle size is 3.4 to 5.0 nm, and further, in the particle size distribution of the catalyst particles, the proportion of catalyst particles having a particle size of 3.0 nm or less in the entire catalyst particles is 37% or less on a particle number basis. Then, a fluorine compound having a CF bond is supported at least on the surface of the catalyst particles. The present invention is, with respect to the above ternary alloy catalyst, an invention particularly effective in improving the durability.

A method of promoting the treatment of coking wastewater using photocatalytic electrode coupled with microbial fuel cellin the technical field of coking wastewater treatment, energy-saving and resource utilization. La-ZnIn.sub.2S.sub.4/RGO/BiVO.sub.4 and silica sol were fixed and coated on stainless steel mesh to form conductive catalytic composite membrane electrode. HSO.sub.3.sup.was added to coking wastewater. Graphite Carbon rods are inserted into the anodic chamber with microorganisms and connected the cathode with wires to form circuit loops. Halogen tungsten lamp was applied as light source to act on the catalytic electrode, forming a coupled system with photocatalytic electrode and microbial fuel cell for treating coking wastewater. The effects of La-ZnIn.sub.2S.sub.4/RGO/BiVO.sub.4 catalysts with different RGO contents on the catalytic degradation of coking wastewater were realized, and the effects of NaHSO.sub.3 and Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 solutions at the same concentration on the degradation of coking wastewater were also realized.