Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.

An anode for a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) having improved creep property by adding CeO.sub.2 and/or Cr for imparting creep resistance to nickel-aluminum alloy and nickel as materials for an anode is provided. Improved sintering property, creep property and increased mechanical strength of a molten carbonate fuel cell may be obtained accordingly.

Nickel oxide particles contain molybdenum. In the nickel oxide particles, the molybdenum may be unevenly distributed in a surface layer of the nickel oxide particles. A crystallite diameter of a [100] plane of the nickel oxide particles may be 240 nm or more. A crystallite diameter of a [101] plane of the nickel oxide particles may be 220 nm or more. A median diameter D.sub.50 of the nickel oxide particles calculated by a laser diffraction/scattering method may be 10.00 ?m or more and 1000.00 ?m or less. A method for producing the nickel oxide particles includes calcining a nickel compound in presence of a molybdenum compound. The molybdenum compound may be at least one compound selected from a group including molybdenum trioxide, lithium molybdate, potassium molybdate and sodium molybdate. In the method for producing the nickel oxide particles, a calcination temperature may be 800? C. or higher and 1600? C. or lower.

A solid oxide fuel cell, system including the same, and method of using the same, the fuel cell including an electrolyte disposed between an anode and a cathode. The anode includes a first layer including a metallic phase and a ceramic phase, and a second layer including a metallic phase. The metallic phase of the second layer includes a metal catalyst and a dopant selected from Al, Ca, Ce, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, Pr, Ti, V, W, or Zr, any oxide thereof, or any combination thereof. The second layer may also include a ceramic phase including ytterbia-ceria-scandia-stabilized zirconia (YCSSZ).

Embodiments of a self-sustainable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system for powering a gas well comprise a first SOFC comprising a first cathode, a first anode, and a first solid electrolyte; a second SOFC comprising a second cathode, a second anode, and a second solid electrolyte; SO.sub.2 removal equipment; a combustion circuit comprising a combustor and a circulating heat carrier in thermal connection with the combustor, the first SOFC, and the second SOFC; and one or more external electric circuits. The first anode comprises a first oxidation region configured to produce SO.sub.2 and electrons. The second anode comprises a second oxidation region configured to electrochemically oxidize CH.sub.4 to produce syngas and electrons and electrochemically oxidize H.sub.2 to produce H.sub.2O and electrons. The external electric circuits are configured to generate power from the electrons produced in both the first SOFC and the second SOFC.

A fuel cell electrode comprises a three-dimensional porous composite structure comprising a porous structure comprising a plurality of metal ligaments and a plurality of pores; and at least one carbon nanotube structure embedded in the porous structure and comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end to end by van der Waals attractive force, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged along a same direction.

A solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed herein. The fuel cell includes a silicon substrate, an electrolyte film laminated on the silicon substrate, and a gas flow path formed inside the silicon substrate. The electrolyte film is opposed to the gas flow path via an electrode film. A portion of a side wall of the gas flow path has a fillet shape, and the portion is close to the electrolyte film.

A solid oxide cell stack includes a plurality of interconnects, a first solid oxide cell disposed between the plurality of interconnects and including a first fuel electrode, a first electrolyte, and a first air electrode, and a second solid oxide cell disposed to be adjacent to the first solid oxide cell in a lateral direction between the plurality of interconnects and including a second fuel electrode, a second electrolyte, and a second air electrode, wherein an operating temperature of the first solid oxide cell is higher than an operating temperature of the second solid oxide cell.

A system and a method are provided for producing electricity and/or chemicals. The system includes a gasifier, a controller, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit, and a chemical synthesis unit. The gasifier converts a fossil fuel, oxygen, and water into a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The controller is used to control distribution of the hydrogen into a first portion and a second portion. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit receives the first portion of hydrogen and compressed air or oxygen, and generates electricity using the first portion of hydrogen. The chemical synthesis unit receives the second portion of hydrogen. The second portion of hydrogen is used for chemical synthesis.

An object is to provide a solid electrolyte laminate that allows a large amount of gas to be supplied to a fuel electrode while having improved strength and a method for manufacturing such a solid electrolyte laminate. A solid electrolyte laminate 1 includes a solid electrolyte layer 2, a first electrode layer 3 disposed on one side of the solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer 4 disposed on another side of the solid electrolyte layer. At least the first electrode layer, which forms a fuel electrode, includes a bonding layer 3a bonded to the solid electrolyte layer and a porous layer 3b having continuous pores and integrally formed on the bonding layer.