Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.

A solid oxide cell including a solid oxide electrolyte, and a fuel electrode on one side of the solid oxide electrolyte and an air electrode on the other side, wherein the fuel electrode includes core-shell hollow particles in which the core has an empty space and the shell includes nickel oxide (NiO) particles.

A solid oxide cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte, and a fuel electrode disposed on one side of the solid oxide electrolyte and an air electrode disposed on the other side thereof. The fuel electrode includes alloy oxide particles of nickel (Ni) and a heterogeneous metal alloyable therewith and a solid oxide electrolyte material, and when an atomic percentage (at %) of the heterogeneous metal to all atoms in a center region of the alloy oxide particle is M.sub.core and an atomic percentage (at %) of the heterogeneous metal to all atoms in a surface region of the alloy particle is M.sub.surface 10M.sub.core<M.sub.surface.

The invention provides an electrode component containing a columnar structure; and a porous collector layer that is prepared on the electrode component. The columnar structure includes multiple columnar sections, the lateral surfaces of which are at least partially in contact with each other. Each columnar part section is provided with a multilayer part wherein different inorganic compound layers are stacked. In addition, the columnar structure includes two or more adjacent columnar sections, which are different from each other in the stacking direction of the multilayer part. For example, each columnar section has a width of 10 nm to 100 nm, and each inorganic compound layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm.