Disclosed are a catalyst complex and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst complex may be manufactured by uniformly depositing metal catalyst particles on pretreated support particles through an atomic layer deposition process using a fluidized-bed reactor, which may be then uniformly dispersed throughout the ionomer solution. As such, manufacturing costs may be reduced due to the use of a small amount of metal catalyst particles and the durability of an electrolyte membrane and OCV may increase. Further disclosed are a method of manufacturing the catalyst complex, an electrolyte membrane including the catalyst complex, and a method of manufacturing the electrolyte membrane.

A process for preparing a catalyst material, said catalyst material comprising a support material, a first metal and one or more second metals, wherein the first metal and the second metal(s) are alloyed and wherein the first metal is a platinum group metal and the second metal(s) is selected from the group of transition metals and tin provided the second metal(s) is different to the first metal is disclosed. The process comprises depositing a silicon oxide before or after deposition of the second metal(s), alloying the first and second metals and subsequently removing silicon oxide. A catalyst material prepared by this process is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to methods of immobilising metals on polymeric surfaces using surfactants and to products that can be formed by such methods. Polymer substrates with metal immobilised on the surface are very useful in a variety of applications. The metal is usually in the form of a nanoparticle. A major use of the invention is in catalysts. The invention can also be used in medical applications, such as to make antimicrobial surfaces.

Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Ta, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.0 to 35.7 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.2 to 64.0 atomic percent, and the Ta is present in a range from 0.26 to 10.8 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Ta equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

The method allows to produce catalysts with nanoparticles of platinum and its alloys with metals of a given composition, with high values of catalytic activity in an oxygen electroreduction reaction, and with predetermined values of structural characteristics. The method comprises preparation of a solution of chloroplatinic acid or a mixture of chloroplatinic acid with metal salts, mixing thereof with dispersed carbon or non-carbon carriers, their mixtures and compositions with specific surface area of more than 60 m.sup.2/g, dispersion of the obtained mixture, chemical reduction of compounds of platinum and a metal salt with subsequent deposition of nanoparticles of metallic platinum or its alloys on a dispersed carrier being carried out by purging gases selected from: nitrogen oxides (N.sub.2O, NO, NO.sub.2), carbon oxides (CO, CO.sub.2), sulfur oxide (SO.sub.2), ammonia (NH.sub.3) or their mixtures through the solution at a temperature of the solution in the range from 5 to 98 C.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

The present disclosure relates to a method of generating energy. This method involves providing a fuel cell comprising anode and cathode electrodes; a separator positioned between the anode and cathode electrodes; and anode and cathode catalysts. The anode catalyst comprises (i) a low-loading of platinum group metals (PGMs) supported on a Group 4-6 transition metal carbide (TMC) or nitride (TMN); (ii) an alloy or physical mixture comprising a Group 10 transition metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Ni and one or more of the following elements: Pt, Pd, Ni, Ir, Rh, Ru, Fe, Re, Sn, W, Mo, Ta, and Nb; or (iii) mixtures thereof. According to the method, a liquid anode fuel comprising one or more hydrazide compounds is added to the fuel cell to generate energy from the liquid anode fuel. Also disclosed is a fuel cell for generating energy from a liquid anode fuel comprising one or more hydrazide compounds.

Disclosed is a catalyst complex for a fuel cell. The catalyst complex includes a support including carbon (C), platinum (Pt) supported on the support, and an iridium (Ir) compound supported on the support, and the iridium compound includes at least one of iridium oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1, IrO.sub.x, and iridium-transition-metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 2, IrMO.sub.x, wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and combinations thereof, and x is from 1 to 2.

High surface area metal catalysts, and methods of making and using the same, are described.