Disclosed is a process for one-step preparing electrolyte used for lithium-iron(II) disulfide batteries. The process includes the following steps of: adding iodine-containing precursors into an organic solvent in an inert atmosphere, homogeneously stirring, then adding lithium-containing precursors, stirring and reacting, separating solids to obtain an electrolyte used for lithium-iron(II) disulfide batteries. The process involves one-step synthesizing electrolyte used for lithium-iron(II) disulfide batteries. The whole procedures do not introduce water and have a lower cost. The lithium-iron(II) disulfide batteries prepared by using the electrolyte prepared by the process of the present invention have better properties.

Electrolyte compositions comprising novel fluorine-containing carboxylic acid ester solvents are described. The fluorine-containing carboxylic acid ester solvents are represented by the formula R.sup.1C(O)OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3CH.sub.2 and R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3 and R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3CH.sub.2 and R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, R.sup.1 is CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 and R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or R.sup.1 is CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2 and R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
The electrolyte compositions are useful in electrochemical cells, such as lithium ion batteries.

The present systems, i.e. a primary lithium battery, utilize electrolytes that do not produce gases at the lower voltages, allowing increased useable capacity of a battery in a low power implantable medical device.

Provided are a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of 1,3-dioxane and further containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of at least one selected from a specified phosphoric acid ester compound, a specified cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound, and a cyclic acid anhydride containing a side chain having allyl hydrogen; and an energy storage device using the same. This nonaqueous electrolytic solution is capable of improving electrochemical characteristics at high temperatures and further capable of not only improving a capacity retention rate after a high-temperature cycle test but also decreasing a rate of increase of an electrode thickness.

An energy storage device includes a printed current collector layer, where the printed current collector layer includes nickel flakes and a current collector conductive carbon additive. The energy storage device includes a printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer, where the printed electrode layer includes an ionic liquid and an electrode conductive carbon additive. The ionic liquid can include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The current collector conductive carbon can include graphene and the electrode conductive carbon additive can include graphite, graphene, and/or carbon nanotubes.

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

A DME-free lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a liquid electrolyte composed of a solvent and at least one lithium electrolyte salt and with which the electrode and the separator are impregnated, wherein the solvent includes propylene carbonate (PC) as a first solvent component and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) as a second solvent component, and the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode have a proportion of carbon black having a BET surface area of at least 1 m.sup.2/g.

Provided are a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of 1,3-dioxane and further containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of at least one selected from a specified phosphoric acid ester compound, a specified cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound, and a cyclic acid anhydride containing a side chain having allyl hydrogen; and an energy storage device using the same. This nonaqueous electrolytic solution is capable of improving electrochemical characteristics at high temperatures and further capable of not only improving a capacity retention rate after a high-temperature cycle test but also decreasing a rate of increase of an electrode thickness.

A method of forming a package is provided and includes providing two laminate edge portions of the package, each of which includes a foil layer between first and second resin layers; and welding together the respective first resin layers at a first position spaced apart from the edges while not welding the respective first resin layers at the edges, wherein the edge portions include edges from which electrode terminals extend such that portions of the electrode terminals are exposed beyond the edges, and wherein the edge portions are between a sealing portion and exposed portions of positive and negative electrode terminals.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a clear conductive material with less turbidity, methods for producing and purifying the conductive material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution and an antistatic agent which contain the conductive material. The conductive material of the present invention comprises a fluorosulfonylimide salt represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein X is F of a C.sub.1-6 fluoroalkyl group,
and at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a carbonate solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent and an alcohol solvent, wherein a concentration of the fluorosulfonylimide salt is 0.1 mol/L or more, and a turbidity is 50 NTU/mol-LiFSI or less; and the production method of the present invention comprises the step of filtering a solution comprising the fluorosulfonylimide salt and the organic solvent by using a filter medium comprising the specific material.