The present invention relates to a supramolecular fluid for use in redox reactions. More specifically, the fluid of the invention comprises a quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to compositions of the quaternary ammonium salt and to the uses of same.

Systems, articles, and methods directed to electrochemical systems (e.g., batteries) and the electrochemical reduction of halogenated compounds are generally described. In certain embodiments, the halogenated compound comprises a haloalkane associated with a conjugated system via at least one alkene linker or alkyne linker.

An electrolyte composition comprising: a) a solvent comprising: a mixture of at least two saturated cyclic carbonates, at least one of these saturated cyclic carbonates being fluorinated, at least one ether, said at least one saturated cyclic carbonate representing at most 1.5% by weight of the solvent, said at least one ether representing at least 40% by weight of the solvent; b) at least one lithium salt other than lithium difluorophosphate; c) lithium difluorophosphate in an amount representing from 0.1 to 1% by weight relative to the sum of weight of the solvent and weight of said at least one lithium salt.

The use of this composition in an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode allows increased performance of the cell when it is discharged under a strong current at low temperature, and limited self-discharging when in operation at ambient temperature.

The present invention relates to a primary cell, comprising an alkali metal as the active electrode material, in particular as the active anode material, and an electrolyte comprising a boron compound, wherein the boron compound is compound according to formula (1), (2), (3), (4), (7) or (8):

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An electrolytic solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention includes: (I) at least one kind of silane compound represented by the following general formula (1); (II) at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a cyclic sulfonic acid compound and a cyclic sulfuric ester compound; (III) a nonaqueous organic solvent; and (IV) a solute. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery with this electrolytic solution achieves a good balance between improvement of high-temperature storage characteristics under high-temperature conditions of 70° C. or higher and reduction of gas generation during high-temperature storage.
Si(R.sup.1).sub.x(R.sup.2).sub.4-x  (1) In the general formula (1), R.sup.1 is each independently a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond-containing group; R.sup.2 is each independently selected from a fluorine group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear or C.sub.3-C.sub.10 branched alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom and/or an oxygen atom; and x is an integer of 2 to 4.

The present disclosure relates to the field of energy storage materials, and particularly, to an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte includes an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is selected from a group consisting of multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2 and Formula I-3, and combinations thereof, and the additive B is at least one unsaturated bond-containing cyclic carbonate compound. The electrochemical device includes the above electrolyte. The electrolyte of the present disclosure can effectively passivate surface activity of the positive electrode material, inhibit oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively reduce gas production of the battery, while an anode SEI film can be formed to avoid a contact between the anode and the electrode and thus to effectively reduce side reactions. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an organic electrolyte including at least one cyclic nitrile-based compound; and at least one chain type nitrile-based compound, and a secondary battery including the same.

The present disclosure relates to the field of energy storage materials, and particularly, to an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte includes an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is selected from a group consisting of multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2 and Formula I-3, and combinations thereof, and the additive B is at least one unsaturated bond-containing cyclic carbonate compound. The electrochemical device includes the above electrolyte. The electrolyte of the present disclosure can effectively passivate surface activity of the positive electrode material, inhibit oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively reduce gas production of the battery, while an anode SEI film can be formed to avoid a contact between the anode and the electrode and thus to effectively reduce side reactions.

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A positive electrode, a negative electrode containing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity are installed. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent and a solute. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material containing at least manganese dioxide, a conductive agent, and a binding agent and further contains an oxide and sulfate of a rare-earth element.

Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte solution for batteries, which contains an additive A that is composed of a boron compound represented by formula (1), and an additive B that has a lower reductive decomposition potential than the Additive A, in which n represents an integer from 1 to 5, M.sup.+ represents an Li.sup.+ ion or an H.sup.+ ion, and when n is an integer from 2 to 5, more than one M.sup.+ may be the same as or different from each other.

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