A lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium-ion conductivity, wherein the positive electrode contains at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide and graphite fluoride, and a powdered or fibrous carbon material is attached to at least part of the surface of the negative electrode opposite the positive electrode. Further, the nonaqueous electrolyte includes a nonaqueous solvent, a solute, a first additive, and a second additive, the solute contains LiClO.sub.4, the first additive is LiBF.sub.4, and the second additive is a salt having an inorganic anion that contains sulfur and fluorine.

The present disclosure is directed to a triazine-modified ionic liquid compound, the synthesis thereof and an electrochemical cell electrolyte containing the triazine-modified ionic liquid compound.

An electrolytic solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention includes: (I) at least one kind of silane compound represented by the following general formula (1); (II) at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a cyclic sulfonic acid compound and a cyclic sulfuric ester compound; (III) a nonaqueous organic solvent; and (IV) a solute. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery with this electrolytic solution achieves a good balance between improvement of high-temperature storage characteristics under high-temperature conditions of 70 C. or higher and reduction of gas generation during high-temperature storage.

Si(R.sup.1).sub.x(R.sup.2).sub.4-x (1)

In the general formula (1), R.sup.1 is each independently a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond-containing group; R.sup.2 is each independently selected from a fluorine group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear or C.sub.3-C.sub.10 branched alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom and/or an oxygen atom; and x is an integer of 2 to 4.

A lithium primary battery including: a battery case; an electrode group; and a nonaqueous electrolyte; the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent, a solute, and an additive; the electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween; the negative electrode includes foil composed of metal lithium or a lithium alloy, has a shape extending in a longitudinal direction and a short direction, and provided with a long tape adhered to at least one main surface of the negative electrode along the longitudinal direction thereof; the tape includes a resin substrate and an adhesive layer and has a width of 0.5 to 3 mm; and the additive is a lithium salt represented by the following formula (1): Li.sub.xMC.sub.yO.sub.zF.sub. (1x2, 0y6, 0z8, 06, and 1y+z+ are satisfied, and y and z are not simultaneously 0), and the element M includes at least one of phosphorus and boron.

The present invention may improve the lifetime characteristics of a lithium secondary battery, and particularly, may provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution or cathode including a phosphate-based compound which may exhibit stable and excellent lifetime characteristics at high temperature and high voltage regardless of the moisture content or the presence of a pressing process of the electrode.

An electrolyte and an electrochemical device, which relates to the field of energy storage materials. The electrolyte includes an additive A, an additive B and an additive C, the additive A selected from a group consisting of multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2 or Formula I-3, and combinations thereof, the additive B is at least one sulfonate compound, and the additive C is at least one halogenated cyclic carbonate compound. The electrochemical device includes the above electrolyte. The electrolyte of the present disclosure can effectively passivate the surface activity of the positive electrode material, inhibit the oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively reduce gas production of a battery, meanwhile the electrolyte can be also adsorbed catalytically active of the graphite surface to form a more stable SEI film, thereby effectively reducing side reactions ##STR00001##

A secondary battery and its preparation method, the secondary battery having a negative electrode containing a negative current collector and no negative active material; an electrolyte having an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent; a separator; a positive electrode having a positive active material layer containing a positive active material, wherein the positive active material comprises a material having a layered crystal structure; and a battery case used for packaging. Main active component of the secondary battery is the positive active material having a layered crystal structure, which is environmentally-friendly and low in cost; meanwhile, negative active material is not needed by the second battery system, thereby remarkably reducing the weight and cost of the battery and improving the battery energy density. The reaction mechanism adopted by the secondary battery significantly increases the working voltage of the battery and further improves the energy density of the battery.

Described herein are acidified metal oxide (AMO) materials useful in applications such as a battery electrode or photovoltaic component, in which the AMO material is used in conjunction with one or more acidic species. Advantageously, batteries constructed of AMO materials and incorporating acidic species, such as in the electrode or electrolyte components of the battery exhibit improved capacity as compared to a corresponding battery lacking the acidic species.

A binder includes a third polymer including a cross-linked product of a first polymer and a second polymer, wherein the first polymer includes a first functional group and is at least one selected from a polyamic acid and a polyimide, wherein the second polymer includes a second functional group and is water-soluble, and wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are cross-linked by an ester bond formed by a reaction of the first functional group and the second functional.

Described herein are acidified metal oxide (AMO) materials useful in applications such as a battery electrode or photovoltaic component, in which the AMO material is used in conjunction with one or more acidic species. Advantageously, batteries constructed of AMO materials and incorporating acidic species, such as in the electrode or electrolyte components of the battery exhibit improved capacity as compared to a corresponding battery lacking the acidic species.