The present disclosure provides a gas diffusion layer for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The gas diffusion layer is a graphene membrane, and graphene lamellae in the graphene membrane are arranged irregularly. The present disclosure further provides a preparation method for the gas diffusion layer, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell including the gas diffusion layer.

A cell stack is in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, including an electrode of a porous body, and a bipolar plate facing the electrode, in which the bipolar plate includes an introduction portion of an electrolyte, a discharge portion of the electrolyte, and a plurality of first grooves extending from a side at which the introduction portion is disposed toward a side at which the discharge portion is disposed, each of the plurality of first grooves allows the electrolyte in each of the plurality of first grooves flow toward the discharge portion, R.sub.2/R.sub.1 is 7×10.sup.−11 or more and 2×10.sup.−4 or less, R.sub.1 is a permeation resistance indicating a difficulty of a flow of the electrolyte in the electrode, and R.sub.2 is a permeation resistance indicating the difficulty of the flow of the electrolyte in each of the plurality of first grooves.

The invention relates to a fuel cell (2) comprising at least one membrane/electrode unit (10) comprising a first electrode (21) and a second electrode (22), which electrodes are separated from one another by a membrane (18), and comprising at least one bipolar plate (40) which comprises a first distribution region (50) for distributing a fuel to the first electrode (21) and a second distribution region (60) for distributing an oxidation agent to the second electrode (22). A distribution unit (30) is provided in at least one of the distribution regions (50, 60) and has at least one flat woven fabric (80), wherein the flat woven fabric (80) is deformed in such a way that raised portions (32) of the woven fabric (80) touch one of the electrodes (21, 22).

The present invention provides a process for preparing a membrane electrode assembly in which a microporous layer is applied to a catalyst layer. Also provided are membrane electrode assemblies obtainable by applying a macroporous layer to a catalyst layer.

To provide a gas diffusion layer that allows reducing an increase in contact resistance with a separator and also allows reducing deterioration of gas diffusivity. The gas diffusion layer is disposed in contact with a separator including a grooved fluid flow passage. The gas diffusion layer includes a diffusion layer substrate and a water-repellent layer. The diffusion layer substrate has a ratio of a pore diameter to a thickness of 0.35 or more. The water-repellent layer is disposed on a surface of the diffusion layer substrate. The diffusion layer substrate is made of a carbon fiber. A content rate of the carbon fiber is 30% or more.

To provide a gas diffusion layer that allows reducing an increase in contact resistance with a separator and also allows reducing deterioration of gas diffusivity. The gas diffusion layer is disposed in contact with a separator including a grooved fluid flow passage. The gas diffusion layer includes a diffusion layer substrate and a water-repellent layer. The diffusion layer substrate has a ratio of a pore diameter to a thickness of 0.35 or more. The water-repellent layer is disposed on a surface of the diffusion layer substrate. The diffusion layer substrate is made of a carbon fiber. A content rate of the carbon fiber is 30% or more.

Disclosed are a flexible electrode substrate including a porous electrode, a method for manufacturing the flexible electrode substrate, and an energy storage element including the flexible electrode substrate. The flexible electrode substrate can be attached to various objects due to the excellent electrochemical properties and the adhesive properties thereof and thus is very useful. In particular, since the flexible electrode substrate can be used as an electrode of an energy storage element, an energy storage element including the flexible electrode substrate can be attached to various objects and thus can be used as a sticker-type energy storage element. In addition, the flexible electrode substrate can be easily manufactured by transfer method using a difference in adhesive strength and thus allows a simple manufacturing process thereof. Furthermore, electrodes having various patterns can be manufactured with high level of efficiency through simple adjustment of the manufacturing process.

Disclosed are a flexible electrode substrate including a porous electrode, a method for manufacturing the flexible electrode substrate, and an energy storage element including the flexible electrode substrate. The flexible electrode substrate can be attached to various objects due to the excellent electrochemical properties and the adhesive properties thereof and thus is very useful. In particular, since the flexible electrode substrate can be used as an electrode of an energy storage element, an energy storage element including the flexible electrode substrate can be attached to various objects and thus can be used as a sticker-type energy storage element. In addition, the flexible electrode substrate can be easily manufactured by transfer method using a difference in adhesive strength and thus allows a simple manufacturing process thereof. Furthermore, electrodes having various patterns can be manufactured with high level of efficiency through simple adjustment of the manufacturing process.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion electrode that is less likely to cause damage to an electrolyte membrane or the like due to fluff in an outer peripheral portion during production of a membrane electrode assembly. The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode including a conductive porous substrate containing carbon fibers and a microporous layer formed on a surface of the conductive porous substrate, in which the gas diffusion electrode satisfies at least one of the following (1) and (2): (1) the number of carbon fibers protruding from an edge portion by 20 μm or more when viewed from a plane surface is less than 1.0 number/cm with respect to a length of the edge portion; and (2) the number of carbon fibers that are inclined at an angle of 30° or more in an in-plane direction of the gas diffusion electrode and have lengths of 10 μm or more when viewed from a side surface of the edge portion is less than 1.0 number/cm with respect to the length of the edge portion.

The present disclosure provides a gas diffusion layer for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The gas diffusion layer is a graphene membrane, and graphene lamellae in the graphene membrane are arranged irregularly. The present disclosure further provides a preparation method for the gas diffusion layer, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell including the gas diffusion layer.