A cylindrical reactor for a flow battery includes a solid anode body with through-holes through which hollow membrane tubes extend. The hollow membrane tubes surround cathodic wires. A first electrolyte is pumped in from a first electrolyte tank between the cathodic wires and the hollow membrane tubes, while a second electrolyte is pumped in from a second electrolyte tank between the hollow membrane tubes and the surrounding portion of the solid anode body. Redox half reactions between the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte are thereby able to happen across the hollow membrane tubes.

A small and high-density biofuel cell capable of easily supplying fuel; and an electronic apparatus are provided. The biofuel cell is formed using a stack in which two power generating bodies that include at least a pair of electrodes and a separator are stacked through a gas diffusion layer through which only gas is permeable, the electrodes forming an anode and a cathode and having at least one surface on which an oxidoreductase is present, the separator being arranged between the electrodes and including a proton permeable membrane. In addition, cathode-side surfaces of the respective power generating bodies of the stack are arranged in contact with the gas diffusion layer. This biofuel cell is mounted on the electronic apparatus.

A cooling system for a vehicle fuel cell system, the cooling system comprising a cooling circuit and a pressure equalization device for a coolant of the cooling circuit, wherein the pressure equalization device is manually adjustable to allow manual adjustment of the coolant pressure.

A cooling system for a vehicle fuel cell system, the cooling system comprising a cooling circuit and a pressure equalization device for a coolant of the cooling circuit, wherein the pressure equalization device is manually adjustable to allow manual adjustment of the coolant pressure.

Multi-cell electrochemical reaction cell structure for a flow battery or fuel cell having a plurality of cells electrically connected in series or parallel. A first housing has a pair of mating end plates assembled together, each forming a plurality of recesses in which one of the cells is received. One of the end plates has a projection along its perimeter and the other one of the end plates has a groove along its perimeter. The projection is configured to fit within the groove in a mating relationship to seal the housing when the end plates are engaged with each other. A second housing is a tubular shell in which a plurality of tubular flow cell units electrically connected in parallel are housed. Catholyte flows in the tubular flow cell units and anolyte flows in the tubular shell.

Multi-cell electrochemical reaction cell structure for a flow battery or fuel cell having a plurality of cells electrically connected in series or parallel. A first housing has a pair of mating end plates assembled together, each forming a plurality of recesses in which one of the cells is received. One of the end plates has a projection along its perimeter and the other one of the end plates has a groove along its perimeter. The projection is configured to fit within the groove in a mating relationship to seal the housing when the end plates are engaged with each other. A second housing is a tubular shell in which a plurality of tubular flow cell units electrically connected in parallel are housed. Catholyte flows in the tubular flow cell units and anolyte flows in the tubular shell.

A fuel cell stack including a cell stacked body, first and second end units, a cooling medium discharge flow path, and a tube arranged in the cooling medium discharge flow path. The second end unit includes a first end surface facing the cooling medium discharge flow path and a second end surface opposite to the first end surface, a through-hole is formed penetrating the second end unit to communicate with a second opening of the tube on downstream side of the cooling medium discharge flow path, the first and second end units include first and second support portions supporting peripheral portions of the first and second ends of the tube, the second support portion includes a tapered portion formed on an inner peripheral surface of the through-hole, and the tapered portion is formed to gradually narrow toward the second end surface of the second end unit.

A fuel cell stack including a cell stacked body, first and second end units, a cooling medium discharge flow path, and a tube arranged in the cooling medium discharge flow path. The second end unit includes a first end surface facing the cooling medium discharge flow path and a second end surface opposite to the first end surface, a through-hole is formed penetrating the second end unit to communicate with a second opening of the tube on downstream side of the cooling medium discharge flow path, the first and second end units include first and second support portions supporting peripheral portions of the first and second ends of the tube, the second support portion includes a tapered portion formed on an inner peripheral surface of the through-hole, and the tapered portion is formed to gradually narrow toward the second end surface of the second end unit.

A separator, subassembly for a separator, and method for heating a second outlet of a separator are disclosed. The separator has a housing with an inlet configured for introduction of a fluid stream into the housing, a first outlet configured for discharge of the fluid stream from the housing, and a second outlet configured for discharge from the housing of deposits which have been separated from the fluid stream. The separator also has, within the housing, a heat-conducting element within the housing and arranged in such a way that, an end of the heat-conducting element is arranged in or adjacent to the fluid stream and another end is arranged on the second outlet. The separator can also have a gas line in or on the housing that is connected fluidically to the second outlet so as to guide a heated gas to the second outlet.

A separator, subassembly for a separator, and method for heating a second outlet of a separator are disclosed. The separator has a housing with an inlet configured for introduction of a fluid stream into the housing, a first outlet configured for discharge of the fluid stream from the housing, and a second outlet configured for discharge from the housing of deposits which have been separated from the fluid stream. The separator also has, within the housing, a heat-conducting element within the housing and arranged in such a way that, an end of the heat-conducting element is arranged in or adjacent to the fluid stream and another end is arranged on the second outlet. The separator can also have a gas line in or on the housing that is connected fluidically to the second outlet so as to guide a heated gas to the second outlet.