A system for producing an ion concentration gradient and a temperature-responsive electrolyte material which are utilizable, for example, for efficiently converting heat energy that has been discarded into reusable energy or for efficiently recovering an acid gas, such as carbon dioxide is provided. A temperature-responsive electrolyte is used to produce an ion concentration gradient by means of a temperature gradient. The temperature-responsive electrolyte is used in the state of an aqueous solution and also in the state of a solid phase.

A zinc-air secondary battery includes an air positive electrode part, a separator, and a zinc gel negative electrode part in a case, provided with an air flow guiding part, disposed in one area of the case, for guiding the inflow of air to the air positive electrode part when discharging and for guiding the discharge of air when charging. When discharging, the inflow of air is guided to an air positive electrode part so that discharging performance (discharging output) can be improved by pressing, and when charging, discharging of air including oxygen present in the zinc-air secondary battery is guided and promoted by pressing inside the zinc-air secondary battery so that charging performance can be improved.

Objective of the present invention is to provide a resin composition having excellent alkaline resistance and a production method of this resin composition. Object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device that uses the above-described resin composition and allows improvement of an output power and durability. In order to solve the above-described problem, the resin composition including a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a resin composition production method thereof, and an electrochemical device using the resin composition,

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(In the formula, E is a spacer, and represents a benzene ring, a benzene derivative in which at least one atom is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a carbon chain having at least 2 carbon atoms and optionally including a heteroatom, Im represents an ion conductive group including an imidazole ring, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 each independently represent a carbon chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and including hydrogen, halogen or a heteroatom, X.sup.? represents an anion).

A system for producing an ion concentration gradient and a temperature-responsive electrolyte material which are utilizable, for example, for efficiently converting heat energy that has been discarded into reusable energy or for efficiently recovering an acid gas, such as carbon dioxide is provided. A temperature-responsive electrolyte is used to produce an ion concentration gradient by means of a temperature gradient. The temperature-responsive electrolyte is used in the state of an aqueous solution and also in the state of a solid phase.

An alkaline membrane fuel cell including at least one of i) a catalyst coated OH ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and an OH ion conducting membrane, and ii) a catalyst coated carbonate ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and a carbonate ion conducting membrane, respectively, wherein the at least one catalyst layer is chemically bonded to a surface of the at least one membrane, wherein the chemical bonding is established by crosslinking of polymer constituents across an interface between the at least one catalyst layer and the at least one membrane.

A catalyst coated membrane (CCM) for an alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell may include: a membrane including at least one of: a polymer or a copolymer having a first functional chemical group; an anode catalyst layer coated on one side of the membrane including: anode catalyst nano-particles and a polymer or a copolymer having a second functional chemical group; and a cathode catalyst layer coated on a side of the membrane opposite the anode catalyst layer, including: cathode catalyst nano-particles and a polymer or a copolymer having a third functional chemical group, wherein the first functional chemical group, the second functional chemical group and the third functional chemical group are all crosslinked with the same crosslinking chemical group.

The present specification relates to a complex electrolyte membrane, an enhanced complex electrolyte membrane and a fuel cell including the same.

The present invention relates to a proton conductive nanocomposite membrane and a method for manufacturing same, the proton conductive nanocomposite membrane having polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) having a proton donor and POSS having a proton acceptor introduced into an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer membrane having a sulfonyl group. The nano-composite membrane of the present invention has both the POSS having a proton donor and the POSS having a proton acceptor added thereto, and thus protons (cations) that are generated are easily hopped in an ion channel by means of hydrogen bonding, and thus ionic conductivity is increased. In addition, the POSS used in the present invention has a very small size, and thus hardly obstructs proton migration in the ion channel in the polymer membrane, and thus excellent proton conductivity may be enabled. In addition, the proton conductive nanocomposite membrane by the present invention exhibits excellent mechanical strength even though the degree of sulfonation of the polymer membrane is increased.

An electrolyte for a lithium air battery and lithium air battery including the electrolyte are provided. The electrolyte includes a compound represented by Formula 1 and a lithium salt: ##STR00001##

An electrolyte for a lithium air battery and lithium air battery including the electrolyte are provided. The electrolyte includes a compound represented by Formula 1 and a lithium salt: ##STR00001##