A fuel cell unit structure includes: power generation cells; separators; a flow passage portion formed between the separators and including flow passages configured to supply gas to the power generation cells; gas flow-in ports configured to allow the gas to flow into the flow passage portion; gas flow-out ports configured to allow the gas to flow out from the flow passage portion; and an adjustment portion configured to adjust an amount of the gas flowing through the flow passages. The adjustment portion includes a first auxiliary flow passage provided between the power generation cells arranged to be opposed to each other on a same plane with a gas flow-in port of the gas flow-in ports being located on an extended line of an extending direction of the first auxiliary flow passage.

A fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cells system may be a segmented-in-series, solid-oxide fuel cell system. The system may comprise a fuel cell tube. The fuel cell tube may comprise a substrate having a first and second ends and a pair of generally planar opposing major surfaces extending between the ends. The fuel cell may further comprise a plurality of fuel disposed on one of the major surfaces proximate the first end of the substrate. The fuel cell tube may further comprise a sheet conductor. The sheet conductor may be electrically coupled to the plurality of fuel cells and may provide an electrical path from a location on one of the major surfaces to a location on the other the major surfaces proximate a first end of the substrate.

A fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cells system may be a segmented-in-series, solid-oxide fuel cell system. The system may comprise a fuel cell tube. The fuel cell tube may comprise a substrate having a first and second ends and a pair of generally planar opposing major surfaces extending between the ends. The fuel cell may further comprise a plurality of fuel disposed on one of the major surfaces proximate the first end of the substrate. The fuel cell tube may further comprise a sheet conductor. The sheet conductor may be electrically coupled to the plurality of fuel cells and may provide an electrical path from a location on one of the major surfaces to a location on the other the major surfaces proximate a first end of the substrate.

A fuel cell column includes termination plates, fuel cell stacks disposed between the termination plates, and fuel manifolds disposed between the fuel cell stacks. The fuel cell stacks include fuel cells, interconnects disposed between the fuel cells, and end plates disposed on opposing ends of the fuel cell stacks. At least one of the termination plates and/or the fuel manifold may include first and second separate pieces separated by an expansion zone. The fuel cell stack may also include one or more buffer layers and/or seals configured to reduce CTE differences of components of the fuel cell stack.

A fuel cell column includes termination plates, fuel cell stacks disposed between the termination plates, and fuel manifolds disposed between the fuel cell stacks. The fuel cell stacks include fuel cells, interconnects disposed between the fuel cells, and end plates disposed on opposing ends of the fuel cell stacks. At least one of the termination plates and/or the fuel manifold may include first and second separate pieces separated by an expansion zone. The fuel cell stack may also include one or more buffer layers and/or seals configured to reduce CTE differences of components of the fuel cell stack.

A cell of the present invention is obtained by locating a first electrode layer on a porous supporting body, a solid electrolyte layer that is formed of a ceramic on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein an amount of Na in the supporting body is 3010.sup.6 mass % or less.

A cell of the present invention is obtained by locating a first electrode layer on a porous supporting body, a solid electrolyte layer that is formed of a ceramic on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein an amount of Na in the supporting body is 3010.sup.6 mass % or less.

Herein disclosed is a method of making an electrochemical reactor comprising a) depositing a composition on a substrate to form a slice; b) drying the slice using a non-contact dryer; c) sintering the slice using electromagnetic radiation (EMR), wherein the electrochemical reactor comprises an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. In an embodiment, the electrochemical reactor comprises at least one unit, wherein the unit comprises the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte and an interconnect and wherein the unit has a thickness of no greater than 1 mm. In an embodiment, the anode is no greater than 50 microns in thickness, the cathode is no greater than 50 microns in thickness, and the electrolyte is no greater than 10 microns in thickness.

A manifold includes first and second manifold main bodies. The first manifold main body includes a gas supply chamber that is connected to a first gas channel, and the second manifold main body includes a gas collection chamber that is connected to a second gas channel. The first manifold main body includes a first top plate, a first bottom plate, and a first side plate. The first top plate includes a first through hole for connecting the first gas channel and the gas supply chamber. The second manifold main body includes a second top plate, a second bottom plate, and a second side plate. The second top plate includes a second through hole for connecting the second gas channel and the gas collection chamber. The first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are constituted by members that are separate from each other.

A cell stack device includes a plurality of electrochemical cells, a manifold, a gas supply portion, and a gas collection portion. The manifold includes a gas supply chamber and a gas collection chamber that extend in a direction in which the electrochemical cells are arranged. A support substrate of an electrochemical cell includes a first gas channel and a second gas channel. The first gas channel is connected to the gas supply chamber, and the second gas channel is connected to the gas collection chamber.