Provided is a slurry composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery heat-resistant layer that has excellent dispersion stability and coatability and can form a heat-resistant layer for a non-aqueous secondary battery having both excellent heat shrinkage resistance and reduced residual water content. The slurry composition contains a water-soluble polymer, non-conductive organic particles, and water. The water-soluble polymer includes an amide group-containing monomer unit, an acid group-containing monomer unit, and a hydroxyl group-containing monomer unit. The proportional content of the amide group-containing monomer unit in the water-soluble polymer is not less than 63 mass % and not more than 98 mass %, and the proportional content of the acid group-containing monomer unit in the water-soluble polymer is not less than 1 mass % and not more than 20 mass %. The non-conductive organic particles include a cross-linkable monomer unit with a proportional content of not less than 20 mass % and not more than 95 mass %.

In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to new or improved battery separators, components, materials, additives, surfactants, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or related methods of production and/or use. In at least certain embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to surfactants or other additives for use with a battery separator for use in a lead acid battery, to battery separators with a surfactant or other additive, and/or to batteries including such separators. In at least certain select embodiments, the instant disclosure relates to new or improved lead acid battery separators and/or systems including improved water loss technology and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed toward a new or improved lead acid battery separator or system with one or more surfactants and/or additives, and/or methods for constructing lead acid battery separators and batteries with such surfactants and/or additives for improving and/or reducing water loss from the battery.

In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to new or improved battery separators, components, materials, additives, surfactants, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or related methods of production and/or use. In at least certain embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to surfactants or other additives for use with a battery separator for use in a lead acid battery, to battery separators with a surfactant or other additive, and/or to batteries including such separators. In at least certain select embodiments, the instant disclosure relates to new or improved lead acid battery separators and/or systems including improved water loss technology and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed toward a new or improved lead acid battery separator or system with one or more surfactants and/or additives, and/or methods for constructing lead acid battery separators and batteries with such surfactants and/or additives for improving and/or reducing water loss from the battery.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

A compound of Formula 1
Li.sub.1+(4−a)αHf.sub.2−αM.sup.a.sub.α(PO.sub.4−δ).sub.3  (1)
is disclosed, wherein M is at least one cationic element having a valence of a, wherein 0<α≤⅔, 1≤a≤4, and 0≤δ≤0.1. Also described are an electrolyte composition, a separator, a protected positive electrode, a protected negative electrode, and a lithium battery, each including the compound of Formula 1.

A compound of Formula 1
Li.sub.1+(4−a)αHf.sub.2−αM.sup.a.sub.α(PO.sub.4−δ).sub.3  (1)
is disclosed, wherein M is at least one cationic element having a valence of a, wherein 0<α≤⅔, 1≤a≤4, and 0≤δ≤0.1. Also described are an electrolyte composition, a separator, a protected positive electrode, a protected negative electrode, and a lithium battery, each including the compound of Formula 1.

Provided is a lead storage battery provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric includes fibers and a filler, and is disposed between the positive electrode and the separator. The separator is provided with a rib formed in a protruding shape from a base portion on the positive electrode side. The relation T/R, which is between the thickness T of the non-woven fabric and the height R from the base portion of the separator taken as a starting point to the top of the rib, is 0.10-11.

A wide microporous film comprises one or more layers comprising a polyolefin; wherein the film has a width of a least 40 inches, at least 45 inches, at least 50 inches, at least 55 inches, at least 60 inches, at least 65 inches, or at least 70 inches.

A wide microporous film comprises one or more layers comprising a polyolefin; wherein the film has a width of a least 40 inches, at least 45 inches, at least 50 inches, at least 55 inches, at least 60 inches, at least 65 inches, or at least 70 inches.