A battery includes: a plurality of solid-state battery cells; and a connection layer located between the solid-state battery cells. Each of the solid-state battery cells has a structure in which a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer including an inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector are laminated in this order. The solid-state battery cells are electrically connected in series. The positive electrode current collector of one of a pair of the solid-state battery cells and the negative electrode current collector of the other of the pair of the solid-state battery cells are laminated via the connection layer, the pair of the solid-state battery cells are adjacent solid-state battery cells among the solid-state battery cells. The connection layer includes a conductive material, and the Young's modulus of the connection layer is lower than the Young's moduli of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector.

An energy storage device includes: a cell holder assembly; energy storage cells disposed in the cell holder assembly; and interconnect members that connect with the energy storage cells. The interconnect members include: double row interconnecting structures disposed on opposite sides of the cell holder assembly; and a pair of single row terminal interconnecting structures that border the double row interconnecting structures on both sides. Each of the interconnect members includes a first independent metallic layer member and a second independent metallic layer member that are electrically coupled to each other and that electrically connect to the energy storage cells. The first independent metallic layer member is an upper member of each interconnect member that connects the interconnect member with a battery management system (BMS). The second independent metallic layer member is a lower member of each interconnect member that connects the interconnect member with the energy storage cells.

An electrical storage module includes an insulating substrate that opposes an electrical storage group including a plurality of electrical storage devices and includes a plurality of through-holes, a plurality of current collecting foils that are arranged side by side at intervals from each other on a first surface of the insulating substrate on a side opposite to a surface that opposes the electrical storage group, and an insulating sheet that is disposed to cover the plurality of current collecting foils. The plurality of current collecting foils include a first current collecting foil and a second current collecting foil that are adjacent to each other at an interval in a direction parallel to the first surface. The first current collecting foil includes a first lead part in a tongue shape that extends from an edge, is inserted into a hole of the insulating substrate, and is electrically connected to a positive electrode of a battery, and the second current collecting foil includes a second lead part in a tongue shape that extends from the edge, is inserted into the hole of the insulating substrate, and is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery.

An electrical storage module includes an insulating substrate that opposes an electrical storage group including a plurality of electrical storage devices and includes a plurality of through-holes, a plurality of current collecting foils that are arranged side by side at intervals from each other on a first surface of the insulating substrate on a side opposite to a surface that opposes the electrical storage group, and an insulating sheet that is disposed to cover the plurality of current collecting foils. The plurality of current collecting foils include a first current collecting foil and a second current collecting foil that are adjacent to each other at an interval in a direction parallel to the first surface. The first current collecting foil includes a first lead part in a tongue shape that extends from an edge, is inserted into a hole of the insulating substrate, and is electrically connected to a positive electrode of a battery, and the second current collecting foil includes a second lead part in a tongue shape that extends from the edge, is inserted into the hole of the insulating substrate, and is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery.

A battery module improves safety by blocking current when the temperature rises, a battery pack includes the battery module, and a vehicle includes the battery pack. The battery module includes two or more battery cells, an electrode assembly having both ends respectively connected to one ends of electrode leads of opposite polarities in a pouch case together with an electrolyte and other ends of the electrode leads are exposed to an outside of the pouch case, wherein the electrode leads and a bus bar connecting a first battery cell and a second battery cell, wherein the bus bar comprises a metal layer and a material layer that is normally conductive but may act as a resistor when a temperature rises, and wherein the material layer comprises a gas generating material that is decomposed at a certain temperature or higher to generate a gas and increase resistance.

A battery module improves safety by blocking current when the temperature rises, a battery pack includes the battery module, and a vehicle includes the battery pack. The battery module includes two or more battery cells, an electrode assembly having both ends respectively connected to one ends of electrode leads of opposite polarities in a pouch case together with an electrolyte and other ends of the electrode leads are exposed to an outside of the pouch case, wherein the electrode leads and a bus bar connecting a first battery cell and a second battery cell, wherein the bus bar comprises a metal layer and a material layer that is normally conductive but may act as a resistor when a temperature rises, and wherein the material layer comprises a gas generating material that is decomposed at a certain temperature or higher to generate a gas and increase resistance.

A lead wire for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery has a conductor, and an insulating film having a plurality of layers and covering at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the conductor, wherein the insulating film has a conductor-covering layer laminated on a surface of the conductor, a first insulating layer laminated on an outermost surface of the insulating film, and a second insulating layer laminated on an inner surface of the first insulating layer; the conductor-covering layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin; and the ratio (S1/S2) of a shear failure strength S1 of the first insulating layer at any one temperature in the range of 80° C. or more and 125° C. or less to a shear failure strength S2 of the second insulating layer at the same temperature as in the first insulating layer, is 0.33 or more and 3.0 or less.

A lead wire for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery has a conductor, and an insulating film having a plurality of layers and covering at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the conductor, wherein the insulating film has a conductor-covering layer laminated on a surface of the conductor, a first insulating layer laminated on an outermost surface of the insulating film, and a second insulating layer laminated on an inner surface of the first insulating layer; the conductor-covering layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin; and the ratio (S1/S2) of a shear failure strength S1 of the first insulating layer at any one temperature in the range of 80° C. or more and 125° C. or less to a shear failure strength S2 of the second insulating layer at the same temperature as in the first insulating layer, is 0.33 or more and 3.0 or less.

An exemplary busbar assembly includes a first layer, and a second layer having a portion that contacts the first layer and a portion that is spaced from the first layer to provide an opening between the first layer and the second layer. An exemplary method of managing thermal energy includes contacting a first layer and a second layer in a first area of a busbar, and separating, in a second area of the busbar, the first layer from the second layer to provide an opening between the first layer and the second layer.

A battery pack (e.g., a battery pack for marine environments) can include a lower enclosure having an upper wall and defining a cavity, a plurality of battery cells positioned within the cavity, a radiator assembly positioned above the upper wall of the lower enclosure, a vent in the upper wall of the cavity, and/or a valve configured to selectively facilitate fluid communication between the cavity and the radiator assembly via the vent. In some embodiments, the valve is configured to open in response to increased pressure in the cavity resulting from a thermal runaway event. In some embodiments, the radiator is configured to create a tortuous path and collect flammable particulates from the thermal runaway event.