A battery pack (e.g., a battery pack for marine environments) can include a lower enclosure having an upper wall and defining a cavity, a plurality of battery cells positioned within the cavity, a radiator assembly positioned above the upper wall of the lower enclosure, a vent in the upper wall of the cavity, and/or a valve configured to selectively facilitate fluid communication between the cavity and the radiator assembly via the vent. In some embodiments, the valve is configured to open in response to increased pressure in the cavity resulting from a thermal runaway event. In some embodiments, the radiator is configured to create a tortuous path and collect flammable particulates from the thermal runaway event.

An electrical energy storage system includes electrochemical energy storage cells for collecting, supplying and storing electrical energy, a contacting device for contacting the energy storage cells, and temperature sensors for monitoring temperature of individual energy storage cells. The electrochemical energy storage cells include a first and second electrical terminal, the contacting device including conductors. A first contacting element connects the first electrical terminal of each cell and a first conductor of the contacting device. A second contacting element connects the second electrical terminal of each cell and a second conductor of the contacting device. The temperature sensors include a thermocouple having a first element from a first metal material and a second element from a second metal material. The first element is connected to one of the terminals or the body of the energy storage cell and the second element is connected to the first element or the body of the energy storage cell.

An electrical energy storage system includes electrochemical energy storage cells for collecting, supplying and storing electrical energy, a contacting device for contacting the energy storage cells, and temperature sensors for monitoring temperature of individual energy storage cells. The electrochemical energy storage cells include a first and second electrical terminal, the contacting device including conductors. A first contacting element connects the first electrical terminal of each cell and a first conductor of the contacting device. A second contacting element connects the second electrical terminal of each cell and a second conductor of the contacting device. The temperature sensors include a thermocouple having a first element from a first metal material and a second element from a second metal material. The first element is connected to one of the terminals or the body of the energy storage cell and the second element is connected to the first element or the body of the energy storage cell.

A battery module includes a busbar. The busbar that electrically connects electrode leads protruding from an electrode assembly to the busbar. The battery module also includes a busbar frame accommodating the busbar. The busbar is fixed to the busbar frame. The battery module also includes a connection busbar connected to the busbar and a connection bolt connecting the busbar and the connection busbar together. The busbar includes a first screw thread, and the connection bolt is fixed to the first screw thread.

A high voltage distribution system is provided with multiple fuses. The high voltage distribution system includes multiple laminated busbars that are electrically coupled to a battery and to the multiple fuses. Busbars are electrically coupled to the one or more fuses via electrical connections between the busbars and the fuses. The electrical connections can pass through other busbars without having an electrical coupling to the other busbars. An insulating layer may be used between the busbars to prevent overcurrent events. The configuration, size, and position of each busbar is selected based on the electrical requirements of components that are electrically coupled to the busbar and based on the prevention of overcurrent events.

A high voltage distribution system is provided with multiple fuses. The high voltage distribution system includes multiple laminated busbars that are electrically coupled to a battery and to the multiple fuses. Busbars are electrically coupled to the one or more fuses via electrical connections between the busbars and the fuses. The electrical connections can pass through other busbars without having an electrical coupling to the other busbars. An insulating layer may be used between the busbars to prevent overcurrent events. The configuration, size, and position of each busbar is selected based on the electrical requirements of components that are electrically coupled to the busbar and based on the prevention of overcurrent events.

A copper bar protection structure (10) includes an upper housing (11) and a lower housing (12) that are engaged with each other. A receiving groove (14) is provided on each of engagement surfaces (15) of the upper housing (11) and the lower housing (12). The two receiving grooves (14) are combined into a copper bar accommodating space. A phase change material layer (30) is laid on an inner wall (13) of the receiving groove (14). The copper bar (20) is wrapped by the phase change material layer (30) when the copper bar accommodating space accommodates a copper bar (20).

A copper bar protection structure (10) includes an upper housing (11) and a lower housing (12) that are engaged with each other. A receiving groove (14) is provided on each of engagement surfaces (15) of the upper housing (11) and the lower housing (12). The two receiving grooves (14) are combined into a copper bar accommodating space. A phase change material layer (30) is laid on an inner wall (13) of the receiving groove (14). The copper bar (20) is wrapped by the phase change material layer (30) when the copper bar accommodating space accommodates a copper bar (20).

A battery module having first and second cylindrical battery cells is provided. The module includes a laminated busbar assembly having a bottom isolation layer, a busbar layer, a top isolation layer. A first aperture of the bottom isolation layer receives a positive electrode of the first battery cell therethrough and exposes a portion of the negative electrode of the first battery cell. The second aperture of the bottom isolation layer receives the positive electrode of the second battery cell therethrough and exposes a portion of the negative electrode of the second battery cell. The busbar layer has a first layer portion that contacts the negative electrode of the first battery cell and the negative electrode of the second battery cell, and a second layer portion that contacts the positive electrode of the first battery cell and the positive electrode of the second battery cell.

A battery module having first and second cylindrical battery cells is provided. The module includes a laminated busbar assembly having a bottom isolation layer, a busbar layer, a top isolation layer. A first aperture of the bottom isolation layer receives a positive electrode of the first battery cell therethrough and exposes a portion of the negative electrode of the first battery cell. The second aperture of the bottom isolation layer receives the positive electrode of the second battery cell therethrough and exposes a portion of the negative electrode of the second battery cell. The busbar layer has a first layer portion that contacts the negative electrode of the first battery cell and the negative electrode of the second battery cell, and a second layer portion that contacts the positive electrode of the first battery cell and the positive electrode of the second battery cell.