Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, an end-to-end beamforming system include a relay satellite and a ground network to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground network includes geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system (CPS). Beamformers of the ground network generate forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the satellite, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form forward user beams.

In one example of the present disclosure, a radome assembly for use with an antenna assembly is described. The radome assembly may comprise a radome body portion having a first side and a second side, wherein the radome body portion defines a portion of a housing for an antenna assembly. The radome assembly may further comprise an outer layer coupled to the first side of the radome body portion, wherein the outer layer is made from a different material than the radome body portion, and wherein at least a portion of the outer layer is exposed to an outdoor environment and has hydrophobic properties

In one example of the present disclosure a dielectric layer for use in an antenna assembly is described. The dielectric layer may comprise a planar body formed using a dielectric material. The dielectric layer may further comprise a plurality of openings defined in the planar body and surrounding a plurality of portions of the dielectric material, each of the plurality of portions of the dielectric material being configured to be aligned with an antenna element of a plurality of antenna elements of the antenna assembly.

In one example of the present disclosure, a radome body assembly for use with an antenna assembly is described. The radome body assembly may comprise a radome body portion having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and wherein the radome body portion defines a portion of a housing for an antenna assembly. The radome body assembly may further comprise a plurality of elongated members each coupled to the second surface of the radome body portion and each having a proximal end at or near the radome body portion and a distal end distal from the radome body portion, wherein the plurality of elongated members is configured to extend through a plurality of corresponding thru-holes defined in the antenna assembly.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

An apparatus is provided for generating a transmission wave. The apparatus includes a plurality of antennas and a plurality of signal generators. The plurality of antennas has polarization diversity. The plurality of signal generators are each coupled to one of the antennas and configured to generate a continuous twisted wave by driving each of the antennas using independent, coordinated, and distinct sinusoidal waves, and having a twist frequency and a carrier frequency, the twist frequency lower than the carrier frequency. A method is also provided.

In an embodiment, a circuit includes first, second, and third 90° hybrid couplers coupled between first and second antenna terminals, a pair of low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), and a pair of power amplifiers (PAs). The pair of LNAs is configured to receive first signals from the first and second antenna terminals and has an output configured to be coupled to a receive path. The second coupler is configured in power combiner mode for receiving the first signals. The pair of PAs is configured to transmit second signals via the first and second antenna terminals and has an input configured to be coupled to a transmit path. The third coupler is configured in power divider mode for transmitting the second signals.

Disclosed is a multifunctional GNSS antenna belonging to the technical field of communication technology, comprising: a PCB, a first dielectric plate, and a first radiating component arranged in sequence, wherein the PCB is connected with the first radiating component by a first feeding component, a second radiating component and a plurality of metalized vias are arranged on the first dielectric plate, the second radiating component is connected with the PCB by a second feeding component, the plurality of metalized vias are arranged around the first radiating component, and the second radiating component is arranged on an outer side of the plurality of metalized vias. The metalized vias increase the capacitive coupling and form the protection for the first radiating component located therein, which reduces the signal interference and coupling of the third radiating component to the first radiating component effectively, which is conducive to implementation miniaturization of the antenna.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

An antenna diameter adjustment method for adjusting an antenna diameter by changing a distance between a part of each of a plurality of reflectors at which the radio signal is reflected, the plurality of reflectors each being configured to reflect radio signals emitted from a plurality of radiators from a center of a circle along a radial direction thereof and to radiate the radio signal toward an opposite antenna apparatus, and the center of the circle along the radial direction of the circle.