A syndrome-based decoding method and apparatus for a block turbo code are disclosed. An embodiment of the present invention provides a syndrome-based decoding method for a block turbo code that includes an extended Hamming code as a component code, where the decoding method includes: (a) generating an input information value for a next half iteration by using channel passage information and the extrinsic information and reliability factor of a previous half iteration; (b) generating a hard decision word by way of a hard decision of the input information value; (c) calculating an n number of 1-bit syndromes, which corresponds to the number of columns or rows of the block turbo code, by using the hard decision word; and (d) determining whether or not to proceed with the next half iteration by using the calculated n number of 1-bit syndromes.

A method for decoding data by an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving, by the electronic device, encoded data, determining, by the electronic device, a sparsity of a plurality of Machine Learning (ML) models of a turbo decoder of the electronic device for decoding the encoded data based on Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters, and decoding, by the electronic device, the encoded data using the turbo decoder based on the determined sparsity.

A method of correcting data stored in a memory device includes: applying an iterative decoder to the data; determining a total number of rows in first data the decoder attempted to correct; estimating first visible error rows among the total number that continue to have an error after the attempt; estimating residual error rows among the total number that no longer have an error after the attempt; determining second visible error rows in second data of the decoder that continue to have an error by permuting indices of the residual error rows according to a permutation; and correcting the first data using the first visible error rows.

A method of correcting data stored in a memory device includes: applying an iterative decoder to the data; determining a total number of rows in first data the decoder attempted to correct; estimating first visible error rows among the total number that continue to have an error after the attempt; estimating residual error rows among the total number that no longer have an error after the attempt; determining second visible error rows in second data of the decoder that continue to have an error by permuting indices of the residual error rows according to a permutation; and correcting the first data using the first visible error rows.

A method of correcting data stored in a memory device includes: applying an iterative decoder to the data; determining a total number of rows in first data the decoder attempted to correct; estimating first visible error rows among the total number that continue to have an error after the attempt; estimating residual error rows among the total number that no longer have an error after the attempt; determining second visible error rows in second data of the decoder that continue to have an error by permuting indices of the residual error rows according to a permutation; and correcting the first data using the first visible error rows.

A method for generating a signal, including turbo-coding a set of information symbols delivering, on the one hand, the information symbols and, on the other hand, redundancy symbols. The turbo-coding implementing, to obtain the redundancy symbols: an encoding of the set of information symbols by a first encoder, an interleaving of the set of information symbols, and an encoding of the set of information symbols interleaved by a second encoder. The turbo-coding also implements a bijective transformation of the information symbols, implemented before and/or after the interleaving, the transformation modifying a value of at least two of the information symbols prior to the coding of the information symbols by the first and/or the second coder.

System and methods are disclosed that comprise receiving at least one signal via a receiver. The at least one signal is extracted for data via a processor coupled to the receiver, wherein the data includes at least one message and a set of parameters related to the message. A signal output is generated using the at least one message and the set of parameters such that the signal output includes a first portion and a second portion. At least one error is identified in the signal output and corrected using the first portion and the second portion. An output is generated that is used to perform at least one task related to the at least one signal.

A decoding method and device for Turbo product codes, a decoding device, a decoder and a computer storage medium are provided. The method includes: a received codeword of a Turbo product code is acquired, and iterative decoding is performed on the received codeword for a set first iterative decoding times (S101); a decoding result of iterative decoding performed for the first iteration times is judged according to a first decoding rule to obtain a decoding identifier representing the decoding result (S102); and error correction processing is performed on the Turbo product code on which iterative decoding is performed for the first iteration times according to the decoding identifier (S103).

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described that support channel selection for parity bits in polar coding techniques. In some cases, an encoder or decoder of a wireless device may assign information bits, frozen bits, and parity check bits to polar channels of an encoder or decoder based on reliability metrics. The information bits may initially be assigned and based on a channel index of the first information bit, the parity check bits may be assigned to channels having higher channel indices than the first information bit. After assignment, the bits may be encoded or decoded.

A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device is configured to supply a read voltage into a plurality of non-volatile memory cells and transfer values obtained from the plural non-volatile memory cells. The controller is coupled to the memory device via at least one channel. The controller adjusts a level of the read voltage based on a cell difference probability (CDP) calculated from the values when a read operation to the plurality of non-volatile memory cells fails.