Methods, systems, and media for presenting contextually relevant information are provided. In some implementations, the method includes: receiving information associated with a user of a user device from multiple data sources, where the user device comprises a display; identifying, without user intervention, a relevant document based on the received information associated with the user of the user device; determining that a new browser window or a new browser tab has been opened by a browser application being executed by the user device; and causing, without user intervention, the relevant document to be presented using the new browser window or new browser tab.

Methods, systems, and media for presenting contextually relevant information are provided. In some implementations, the method includes: receiving information associated with a user of a user device from multiple data sources, where the user device comprises a display; identifying, without user intervention, a relevant document based on the received information associated with the user of the user device; determining that a new browser window or a new browser tab has been opened by a browser application being executed by the user device; and causing, without user intervention, the relevant document to be presented using the new browser window or new browser tab.

Embodiments provide a service processing method and apparatus. According to the service processing method, a number of code blocks of a client service may be mapped to a FlexE subslot, and a FlexE subslot overhead is generated, so that the client service mapped to the FlexE subslot and the FlexE subslot overhead are sent through a physical channel, and a low-rate service is carried. Compared with carrying a low-rate service by directly using an entire FlexE slot, carrying the client service by using a number of FlexE subslots into which the FlexE slot is divided can improve bandwidth utilization.

Techniques for emulating a time division multiplexed (TDM) circuit using a packet switched network are described. First and second packet nodes are installed in a communication network. The first TDM node and second TDM node form a first span in the TDM circuit. First and second fiber connections are disconnected from the first and second TDM nodes, and connected to the first and second packet nodes. A portion of TDM data transmission across the first span is emulated using a packet connection formed by the first packet node and the second packet node. The TDM data transmission includes transport overhead data, and the packet connection emulates the transport overhead data.

A ring interconnect system comprises a plurality of nodes. Each node is connected to two other nodes to form a ring interconnect. Every pair of nodes is connected by an inter-node path for that pair of nodes distinct from the ring interconnect. Each of the nodes comprises a message buffer to buffer messages received from at least one device associated with the node. Each of the nodes also comprises activity level circuitry to transmit an activity indication, when a number of the messages in the message buffer is equal to or above a threshold, to each other node of the plurality of nodes via the respective inter-node paths. Each of the nodes also comprises arbitrator circuitry to receive the activity indications from each other node and from the activity level circuitry, and to allow ingress of a message from the message buffer onto the ring interconnect in dependence on the activity indications. Also provided is a method of operating a node of a ring interconnect system

Embodiments provide a service processing method and apparatus. According to the service processing method, a number of code blocks of a client service may be mapped to a FlexE subslot, and a FlexE subslot overhead is generated, so that the client service mapped to the FlexE subslot and the FlexE subslot overhead are sent through a physical channel, and a low-rate service is carried. Compared with carrying a low-rate service by directly using an entire FlexE slot, carrying the client service by using a number of FlexE subslots into which the FlexE slot is divided can improve bandwidth utilization.

Methods, systems, and media for presenting contextually relevant information are provided. In some implementations, the method includes: receiving information associated with a user of a user device from multiple data sources, where the user device comprises a display; identifying, without user intervention, a relevant document based on the received information associated with the user of the user device; determining that a new browser window or a new browser tab has been opened by a browser application being executed by the user device; and causing, without user intervention, the relevant document to be presented using the new browser window or new browser tab.

Systems and methods of coordinating Layer 1 and Layer 2 protection switching include, at a node having a plurality of ports including a first port that is an endpoint of a Layer 1 network and a second port that connects to a Layer 2 network, communicating defects in the Layer 1 network to a local Maintenance End Point (MEP) on the second port and any recovery actions being performed in the Layer 1 network; informing other nodes on the Layer 2 network via the second port of the defects and the recovery actions; and coordinating Layer 2 protection switching in the Layer 2 network based on the defects and based on the recovery actions in the Layer 1 network.

Methods and systems of a disaggregated integrated synchronous optical network (SONET) and optical transport network (OTN) switching system that includes using plug-in universal (PIU) modules for OTN to Ethernet transceiving, SONET PIU modules for Ethernet to SONET transceiving, and an Ethernet fabric as a switching core are disclosed. An OTN over Ethernet module in each of the PIU modules and an Ethernet over SONET module in each of the SONET PIU modules may enable various SONET and OTN functionality to be realized using the Ethernet fabric which may include multiple Ethernet switches.

Systems and methods for ring protection switching in a network based on selectively blocking and unblocking a port include forwarding traffic via the port over a data channel that utilizes a first service identifier, wherein the data channel is routed in the network along a closed loop; and selectively blocking and unblocking traffic on the port to provide the ring protection switching over the closed loop, wherein the selectively blocking and unblocking is performed based on a management channel that utilizes a second service identifier that is a different type from the first service identifier.