A receiver for data recovery from a channel signal of a communications channel. The receiver includes a quantization circuit to generate a quantized code corresponding to the channel signal. A first decision circuit recovers, in a first signal processing mode, digital data for the channel signal based on the quantized representation of the channel signal. A second decision circuit recovers, in a second signal processing mode, the digital data for the channel signal based on the quantized representation of the channel signal. A controller selects between the first signal processing mode and the second signal processing mode based on a parameter indicative of a signal quality of the channel signal.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may low-density parity-check (LDPC) encode data into LDPC blocks. Further, the WTRU may produce and append a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to each of the LDPC blocks. Also, the WTRU may concatenate the plurality of LDPC blocks and appended CRCs. Additionally, the WTRU may produce information associated with error checks. Moreover, the WTRU may produce a codeword using a codebook. The codeword may be based on the information associated with the error checks. In addition, the WTRU may produce an orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) signal by mapping the codeword and the concatenated plurality of LDPC blocks and appended CRCs onto resource elements of the OFDM signal. Further, the WTRU may transmit the produced OFDM signal. In a further example, the WTRU may produce an additional CRC in addition to the appended CRCs, and the produced OFDM signal may include the additional CRC.

The present disclosure discloses a method of receiving a synchronization signal block by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving, in one of two half frames included in a frame, a synchronization signal block including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and receiving a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in a resource region carrying the PBCH. Information about the half frame in which the synchronization signal block is received may be obtained from a sequence of the DMRS.

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) system includes an input unit, a plurality of CRC engines for 1 byte to n/2 byte, and an output unit. The input unit has a data de-multiplexer for receiving n byte data. The plurality of CRC engines for 1 byte to n/2 byte are connected to the data de-multiplexer for processing demultiplexed n byte data. The output unit has a data multiplexer for providing processed CRC output data. The plurality of CRC engines for 1 byte to n/2 byte are arranged in two columns. A first column includes one or more CRC engines for 1 byte to n/2 byte and a second column includes a CRC engine for n/2 byte.

An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise receiving, from a base station, first information indication suspension of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring operation; in response to the first information, suspending the PDCCH monitoring operation in a first period; and restarting the PDCCH monitoring operation after the first period ends.

Efficient message formats and procedures for demarcation of the start and end of downlink messages are disclosed, greatly simplifying the task of user devices in finding and interpreting their downlink messages among a stream of signals on 5G/6G downlink channels. A low-complexity message may begin and/or end with a “gap” (a resource element with no transmission), indicating the message boundaries. The demarcation may also include demodulation references, which may include characteristic patterns according to message type and position. The identification code of the user device may be applied at the start or end of each downlink message to further assist the user device. To select the desired demarcation format, the user device can transmit a request message to the base station, specifying a particular format for demarcations of its downlink messages. By demarking the ends of downlink messages, the base station may enable user devices to find their messages without performing a time-consuming and energy-intensive “blind search” and without a redundant control message, which may enhance reliability, avoid delays, and improve network operations overall.

An error correction device includes a first correction unit which performs error correction decoding of data by a repetitive operation, having a full operation state in which the error correction decoding is repeated until convergence is obtained and a save operation state in which the number of times of the repetitive operation is restricted to a predetermined number. An error information estimation unit estimates an input error rate or an output error rate of the first correction unit using a decoding result of the first correction unit, and a control unit which controls transition between the full operation state and the save operation state based on at least one piece of information of the input error rate, the output error rate, and an operation time of the first correction unit. It is thus possible to provide an error correction device that can improve a transmission characteristic while suppressing power consumption.

The present specification, relates to a method for switching Internet of Things (IoT) modes in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

According to the present specification, the method whereby a terminal switches IoT modes in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: transmitting, in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an operation mode switching request for requesting switching from a source IoT mode, which is the current operation mode of the terminal, to a base station via a predetermined physical channel; receiving, from the base station, an operation mode switching response to the operation mode switching request; and switching from the source IoT mode to a predetermined target IoT mode on the basis of the operation mode switching response.

A radio frequency (RF) front end receives one or more symbols of a first frame transmitted by a transmitter. The RF front end determines that the one or more received symbols are correlated to one or more address symbols, where the one or more address symbols are each a time-domain signal of subcarriers that the transmitter transmits. The RF front end provides the received one or more symbols to a baseband system based on the correlation. The baseband system recovers bits of a second frame within the first frame based on the received one or more symbols.

The present invention provides a transceiver. The transistor is coupled to a transmission line. The transceiver includes a variable resistor set, a transmitter module, a receiver module, and a digital signal processor. The transmitter module has an output terminal coupled to the variable resistor set and the transmission line. The transmitter module includes a first digital-to-analog converter configured to output an emission current. The receiver module has an input terminal coupled to the transmitter module and the transmission line. When the emission current is fed into the transmission line, a far-end echo is fed into the receiver module. An amplitude of the far-end echo is associated with a resistance value of the transmission line. The digital signal processor adjusts a current value of the emission current from a first default current value to a second default current value based on the amplitude of the far-end echo.