A method for a multichannel geophysical data acquisition system is provided in the field of electrical resistivity tomography. Individual and autonomous node operating systems are provided. Separate communication channels for upstream and downstream data transfer, high voltage transfer and synchronization signals are provided. A novel use of high voltage isolation barriers is also provided. A direct memory access data transfer process is provided.

A method implemented by an electronic device for sending data on low latency communication includes remote writing a sequence number of a message to be sent next to a receiver, determining whether there is an open position in a receive buffer of the receiver using a local tracking mechanism, writing data of the message to an area of an address space of a sending application that is mapped onto the receive buffer as a result of determining there is the open position in the receive buffer, incrementing a local sequence counter, and updating position information in the local tracking mechanism.

A bus adapter comprises: an interface unit configured to be connected to a Communication Module (CM), which is intended to communicated based on a first Communication Protocol (CP) such as CAN, via a first and a second signal lines, and to transceive bit signals through the first and the second signal lines; and a link control unit, connected to a data bus of a second CP, configured to transmit data stored in an outward buffer through the data bus, and to detect data from signals being carried on the data bus. The interface unit transmits data stored in an inward buffer to the CM via the second signal line in form of a format defined by the first CP and it drives the second signal line so that a bit string appears on the second signal line when the bit string is received through the first signal line.

A method and an optical sensor are described herein. The optical sensor may include a communication interface for receiving data from a control unit and for transmitting data to the control unit, a storage unit with at least one register for storing data, and a CRC generator for generating a CRC checksum. The optical sensor may be configured in such a way that when data stored in the storage unit is to be transmitted to the control unit, the communication interface receives from the control unit a device address specific to the optical sensor and an address of a register in which the data to be transmitted is stored. The CRC generator may be initialized using the device address received from the communication interface and/or the register address received from the communication interface, before the CRC generator generates a CRC checksum for the data to be transmitted.

Communication buses enable devices to communicate and exchange information and control signals. There is a growing concern over the security of such types of buses. Since any device can transmit any message, and device on the bus which can be compromised poses a threat for the bus. Described is a system to authenticate the source of messages from various devices on a communication bus.

Embodiments relate to a system for transmitting data in a motor vehicle. A central electronic control unit comprises at least one LIN master, and at least one local controller, which is coupled to the central controller by means of a first data connection. The local controller is additionally coupled to a LIN bus, which is paired with the LIN master and to which at least one LIN slave is connected. The data transmission speed of the first data connection between the central controller and the local controller is faster than the data transmission speed of the LIN bus. Methods for actuating a LIN slave connected to a LIN bus and to a motor vehicle are also provided.

According to some embodiments, a method of performing EMC testing of an ADV can be used According to some embodiments, a method of performing EMC testing of an ADV can be used to test how software and hardware components in the ADV are impacted in an indoor EMC testing environment. According to the method, the ADV can be positioned at a fixed spot in the indoor EMC testing environment, and can be driven in an autonomous driving mode for a predetermined period of time. One or more of the autonomous driving modules of the ADV are modified to accommodate the positioning of the ADV at the fixed spot and the indoor EMC testing environment. The ADV can determine if each of a plurality of performance parameters meets its performance metric during the predetermined period of time. If each performance parameters meets its performance metric, the ADV is considered to have passed the EMC testing.

The invention relates to a method for implementing an industry internet field broadband bus, and in the method according to the invention, a bus controller and respective bus terminals transmit data in their respective time slices to thereby ensure timely and temporally determinist data transmission. Thus the embodiments of the invention implement a high-performance, highly reliable, and highly real-time method for implementing an industry internet field broadband bus. Moreover a transmission medium of the two-wire data transmission network can be a twisted pair or a shielded twisted pair so that the method according to the embodiment of the invention can be applicable to a traditional industry control facility using a bus, and thus can be highly universally applicable.

The invention discloses a method for implementing a real-time industrial internet field broadband bus, the method including: determining, by a bus controller, the number of bus terminals connected therewith; and allocating, by the bus controller, time slices for the bus terminals according to the number of bus terminals, and transmitting, by the bus controller, the time slices to the bus terminals so that the bus terminals operate in the allocated time slices. Moreover data are transmitted in the bus system by removing Ethernet/IP message header information to thereby reduce the length of the message, and shorten a transmission delay and a bus scan periodicity so as to improve the real-time characteristic of the bus system.

A slave unit that is a communication apparatus according to the present invention includes: a frame relaying unit that receives, among communication frames received by a reception port, a communication frame to be relayed to the other apparatus and outputs the received communication frame to a transmission port; a frame transmitting unit that generates a communication frame and outputs the communication frame to the transmission port; and a transmission-frame arbitrating unit that regulates output of the communication frame to the transmission port performed by the frame transmitting unit in a guard time that is a period including a time period in which arrival of the communication frame transmitted in a network in a fixed cycle is expected.