Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

An authentication system includes first and second terminals, and an authentication subsystem. The authentication subsystem: generates a first token based on reception of a code image authentication start request, generates and stores a code image key in association with the first token, generates and stores a code image including the code image key at a URL of the storage unit, transmits the first token and the URL to the first terminal, registers the received first token as a key in an information transmitting and receiving unit, checks whether a received ID of the second terminal is a unique ID, when the received unique ID of the second terminal is the unique ID, checks whether the received code image key is stored in the storage unit, and transmits a first response code to the information transmitting and receiving unit using, as a key.

An authentication system includes first and second terminals, and an authentication subsystem. The authentication subsystem: generates a first token based on reception of a code image authentication start request, generates and stores a code image key in association with the first token, generates and stores a code image including the code image key at a URL of the storage unit, transmits the first token and the URL to the first terminal, registers the received first token as a key in an information transmitting and receiving unit, checks whether a received ID of the second terminal is a unique ID, when the received unique ID of the second terminal is the unique ID, checks whether the received code image key is stored in the storage unit, and transmits a first response code to the information transmitting and receiving unit using, as a key.

A system for sharing a data handling resource among a plurality of data producers. In some embodiments, the system includes: a data-handling resource, a first data generator, a first data connection, from the first data generator to the data-handling resource, a second data generator, a second data connection, from the second data generator to the first data generator, and a token-forwarding connection between the first data generator and the second data generator. The token-forwarding connection may be configured to transfer a token between the first data generator and the second data generator. The first data generator may be configured: to generate a first data stream, to receive a second data stream from the second data generator through the second data connection, and to send data selected from the first data stream and the second data stream.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a method of operating a communication system (10) that comprises at least four communication nodes (A, B, C, D). The communication system is operated in a time-division multiplexing technique wherein the communication is carried out in consecutive time frames which are divided into slots. At least one slot is allocated to each of the communication nodes. Each of the slots comprises, or preferably consists of, at least two consecutive sub-slots, hereinafter referred to as transmission sub-slot (TSS1-TSS4) and echo sub-slot (ESS1-ESS4). Echo signals (E (DS1)-E (DS4)) are transmitted during echo sub-slots (ESS1-ESS4).

An embodiment of the invention relates to a method of operating a communication system (10) that comprises at least four communication nodes (A, B, C, D). The communication system is operated in a time-division multiplexing technique wherein the communication is carried out in consecutive time frames which are divided into slots. At least one slot is allocated to each of the communication nodes. Each of the slots comprises, or preferably consists of, at least two consecutive sub-slots, hereinafter referred to as transmission sub-slot (TSS1-TSS4) and echo sub-slot (ESS1-ESS4). Echo signals (E (DS1)-E (DS4)) are transmitted during echo sub-slots (ESS1-ESS4).

Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

This invention is related to an Express Traversal (EXTRA) Network on Chip (NoC) comprising a number of EXTRA routers. The EXTRA NoC comprises a Buffer Write and Route Computation (BW/RC) pipeline, a Switch Allocation-Local (SA-L) pipeline, a Setup Request (SR) pipeline, a Switch Allocation-Global (SA-G) pipeline, and a Switch Traversal and Link Traversal (ST/LT) pipeline. The BW/RC pipeline is configured to write an incoming flit to an input buffer(s) of a start EXTRA router and compute the route for the incoming head flit by selecting an output port to depart from the start EXTRA router. The SA-L pipeline is configured to arbitrate the start EXTRA router to choose an input port and an output port for a winning flit. The SR pipeline is configured to handle the transmission of a number of SR signals from the start EXTRA router to downstream EXTRA routers.