Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to implement a third-order signal scrambler are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a controlled scramble generator to generate a controlled random sequence based on one or more subcarriers and a random pulse sequence, the random pulse sequence based on an output of a random number generator processed by a multi-order sinusoidal noise function. The example apparatus further includes a sequence modifier to form an output sequence by combining a source sequence with the controlled random sequence, the controlled random sequence to modify a characteristic of the source sequence in a frequency domain.

A communication method, a communications apparatus, and a storage medium are disclosed, to reduce a probability that consecutive bit errors occur in a communications system. A received to-be-sent signal is modulated to obtain a modulated signal, and N rounds of operations are further performed on the modulated signal to obtain an encoded signal. An output of the 1.sup.st-round operation in the N rounds of operations is determined based on the modulated signal and an output that is of the N.sup.th-round operation and that is processed by a first delay circuit, and an output of the i.sup.th-round operation in the N rounds of operations is determined based on an output of the (i−1).sup.th-round operation and an output that is of the N.sup.th-round operation and that is processed by a second delay circuit, where i is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

A method, apparatus, and system for transmitting and receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) are provided. A base station may perform a first scrambling process on PBCHs in a time period before a channel coding, and perform a second scrambling process after the channel coding. PHCH payloads and PBCH DMRS may provide information bits to be used in the scrambling processes. A wireless user device may receive one or more PBCHs transmitted from the base station.

A method for signal transmission and reception on an unlicensed band by a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving a reference signal that has been generated from a scrambling sequence having initial values that vary every 10 subframes; and receiving a downlink signal on the basis of the reference signal, wherein the seed value of the variation pattern of the initial values are determined on the basis of an operator of a base station that transmits the downlink signal on the unlicensed band.

In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to transmit and receive data. Transmission may comprise transforming larger values of acquired data into smaller values of transformed data using a transform defined by a seed value selected to reduce digital pulse position modulation transmission time for the acquired data. Additional activities include digital pulse position modulating the transformed data and a checksum associated with the transformed data to provide a propagation signal, and transmitting the propagation signal into drilling fluid or a geological formation. Reception may comprise receiving the propagation signal, demodulating the propagation signal to extract the transformed data and the checksum, and transforming the transformed data into an estimate of the acquired data, using the transform defined by the seed value validated by the checksum. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are described.

Methods and apparatus for scrambling symbols over multi-lane serial interfaces in order to improve undesired electromagnetic emissions. In one embodiment the scrambling is based on a seed value associated with each lane. In a second embodiment, the scrambling values are selected from various taps of a scrambling component, where the selection is based on the associated lane. In still a third embodiment, each lane is associated with a distinct scrambling component.

A method for performing virtualization of a radio access technology (RAT) over Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) wireless networks is provided. The method includes splitting OFDMA time-frequency resources into non-overlapping regions including a virtualization region including a part of a spectrum and the OFDMA symbols that are reserved for virtualization of the RAT; reserving resource elements of the OFDMA time-frequency resources in the virtualization region, for insertion of downlink reference signals including complex sequences known by a receiver to perform downlink channel estimation with a specified separation between signals in time and frequency domains; inserting training or pilot signals along the OFDMA time-frequency resources of the virtualization region; and mapping complex baseband symbols corresponding to information from the RAT into the OFDMA time-frequency resources of the virtualization region.

A method of performing cell search includes receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) comprising a primary synchronization code (PSC) and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) comprising a first secondary synchronization code (SSC) and a second SSC, wherein the SSS includes a first SSS and a second SSS, the first SSC and the second SSC are arranged in that order in the first SSS, and the second SSC and the first SSC are arranged in that order in the second SSS. Detection performance on synchronization signals can be improved, and cell search can be performed more reliably.

The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer readable medium for scrambled communication of data to, from, or over a medium. According to one aspect, the subject matter described herein includes a method for communicating data in scrambled form to or over a medium. The method includes receiving analog or digital data to be transmitted to or over a medium. The method further includes modulating samples representing at least signal using the analog or digital data to produce data modulated signal samples. The method further includes scrambling the data modulated signal samples using a predetermined scrambling algorithm. The method further includes transmitting the scrambled data modulated signal samples to or over the medium. The method further includes descrambling samples received from the medium using the inverse of the predetermined scrambling algorithm to obtain the unscrambled modulated signal samples, which can then be demodulated to retrieve original data.

Provided is a radio communication device which can make Acknowledgement (ACK) reception quality and Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) reception quality to be equal to each other. The device includes: a scrambling unit (214) which multiplies a response signal after modulated, by a scrambling code “1” or “e.sup.−j(π/2)”, so as to rotate a constellation for each of response signals on a cyclic shift axis; a spread unit (215) which performs a primary spread of the response signal by using a Zero Auto Correlation (ZAC) sequence set by a control unit (209); and a spread unit (218) which performs a secondary spread of the response signal after subjected to the primary spread, by using a block-wise spread code sequence set by the control unit (209).