Techniques are disclosed relating to generating and receiving radio frames with multiple portions that have different target geographic areas. A data frame may include a first partition that includes a physical layer encoding of first data to be transmitted in a first geographic area, where the first geographic area is defined by a first threshold distance from the one or more transmitters. The data frame may include a second that includes a physical layer encoding of second data to be transmitted in a second geographic area, where the second geographic area is defined by a second, greater threshold distance from the one or more transmitters.

A method for determining a vortex wave phase offset is performed by an access network device. The method includes: determining vortex wave phase offsets used by adjacent access network devices, so as to obtain a first set of vortex wave phase offsets; and determining a target vortex wave phase offset according to the first set of vortex wave phase offsets and a pre-configured set of available vortex wave phase offsets.

There are provided an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demodulator, a demodulation method and a receiver. The OFDM demodulator includes a phase analog-to-digital converter and a determiner, wherein the phase analog-to-digital converter is configured to acquire an OFDM analog signal, extract and quantize phase information of a modulated signal on each subcarrier in the OFDM analog signal, and output a phase quantified value corresponding to the phase information of the each subcarrier; and the determiner is configured to perform determination according to the phase quantified value, to obtain modulation information corresponding to the each subcarrier.

A method includes obtaining pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples associated with a signal to be demodulated. The method also includes providing a set of the I/Q pairs to a trained AI/ML model. The set of the I/Q pairs includes an I/Q pair associated with a symbol being demodulated and at least one I/Q pair associated with at least one prior symbol that has been demodulated. In addition, the method includes using the trained AI/ML model to generate a symbol estimate for the symbol based on the set of the I/Q pairs, where the symbol estimate represents a portion of data that is encoded in the signal.

In one aspect, an apparatus includes: a front end circuit to process incoming radio frequency (RF) signals into orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) samples of a plurality of OFDM symbols; a transform engine coupled to the front end circuit to convert the plurality of OFDM samples into a plurality of frequency domain sub-carriers; a demodulator coupled to the transform engine to demodulate the plurality of frequency domain sub-carriers; a channel estimation circuit coupled to the transform engine to determine a first channel estimate based on a first set of pilot sub-carriers of the plurality of frequency domain sub-carriers and a second channel estimate based on the first set of pilot sub-carriers; and a control circuit coupled to the channel estimation circuit to control a configuration of the demodulator based at least in part on a selected one of the channel estimates.

An FEC coder in a transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure performs BCH coding and LDPC coding based on whether a code length of the LDPC coding is a 16k mode or a 64k mode. A mapper performs mapping in an I-Q coordinate to perform conversion into an FEC block, and outputs pieces of mapping data (cells). The mapper defines different non-uniform mapping patterns with respect to different code lengths even an identical coding rate is used by the FEC coder. This configuration improves a shaping gain for different error correction code lengths in a transmission technology in which modulation of the non-uniform mapping pattern is used.

A system and method for detecting a scrambling seed in communication between a drone and a controller are described. The system comprises a radio-frequency (RF) receiver configured to receive an RF signal transmitted between the drone and a controller. The RF signal includes scrambled data that contain repetitions of unscrambled data based on known scramblers with an unknown scrambling seed. The system further comprises a memory device in communication with a hardware processor and having stored computer-executable instructions to cause the hardware processor to identify the smallest number of bits required in each segment of scrambled data for data combining by finding an invertible predetermined matrix. The hardware processor is configured to determine the unknown scrambling seed based on a function combining the predetermined matrix, transition matrices of scramblers, and segments of received scrambled data.

Methods, systems and apparatuses for operation in long-term evolution (LTE) systems are provided, including a method implemented in a base station that may include receiving, from a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) via a first interface, a first message including radio capability information associated with the WTRU; transmitting, to a mobility management entity (MME) via a second interface, a second message including the radio capability information; receiving, from the MME via the second interface, a paging message including the radio capability information; and determining whether to page the WTRU in idle mode based on the radio capability information. Also provided is another method implemented by a WTRU in a vicinity of a dormant cell. This method may include any of: receiving, from a dormant cell, a signal; receiving, from a serving cell, a trigger to initiate measurement of one or more dormant cells; and measuring the signal.

A terminal apparatus for communicating with a base station apparatus, the terminal apparatus including: a receiver configured to receive downlink control information and a downlink shared channel; and a signal detection unit configured to demodulate the downlink shared channel (PDSCH) by using the downlink control information, wherein the downlink control information includes information for indicating an antenna port number and the number of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), each of the CDM groups indicates a DMRS port to be multiplexed by CDM, the PDSCH is demodulated in consideration of a power ratio of the DMRS and the PDSCH, and whether or not to consider powers of the DMRS and the PDSCH, based on the number of the CDM groups, is determined based on the downlink control information.

A method for controlling a combined waveform, representing a combination of at least two signals having orthogonal frequency multiplexed signal components, comprising: receiving information defining the at least two signals; transforming the information defining each signal to a representation having orthogonal frequency multiplexed signal components, such that at least one signal has at least two alternate representations of the same information, and combining the transformed information using the at least two alternate representations, in at least two different ways, to define respectively different combinations; analyzing the respectively different combinations with respect to at least one criterion; and outputting a respective combined waveform or information defining the waveform, representing a selected combination of the transformed information from each of the at least two signals selected based on the analysis.