A printing unit configured to apply a color material to a printing medium to perform printing, a colorimetric unit configured to perform colorimetry, a storage unit configured to store patch data defining a color of a color patch for a plurality of the color patches, and a control unit are included, wherein the control unit uses patch data for one color patch of the plurality of color patches stored in the storage unit, to cause the printing unit to print the color patch on the printing medium, and determines whether a type of the printing medium on which the printing unit printed the color patch is a predetermined type, based on a colorimetric value obtained by the colorimetry performed by the colorimetric unit on the color patch printed by the printing unit.

Calibration requests are received at a network service. The network service assigns a request identifier for the data of a request. The request identifier is encoded into a control strip on a test color sheet using color patches. A color encoding key encodes the request identifier using the color patches. After the test color sheet is printed, a color measurement tool is used to decode the information from the control strip, including the request identifier. The color measurement tool measures the test color strips on test color sheet. The request identifier corresponds to the measurement data. The measurement data along with the request identifier is sent to the network service. The measurement data is processed to generate calibration data, which is used to update the printing device.

For a plurality of types of print media, a pre-trained model is prepared, the pre-trained model being generated by machine learning based on spectroscopic information of an unprinted area on the print medium and an identifier indicating the type of the print medium and using the identifier as a trainer. The spectroscopic information of the unprinted area on the print medium to print on is acquired. The acquired spectroscopic information is applied to the pre-trained model. Using a result thereof, auxiliary information about the type of the print medium is outputted. A specification of the type of the print medium using the outputted auxiliary information is accepted. When the type of the print medium is thus specified, printing is performed using a print condition suitable for the print medium.

An image processing method includes: converting a device color CMYK1 that is an input device color depending on an input device into a device color CMYK2 that is an output device color depending on an output device; converting the device color CMYK2 into a spectral reflectance R1 using an output profile showing a relationship between the output device color and a spectral reflectance; converting the spectral reflectance R1 into a spectral reflectance R2, to be reproduced before lamination processing, using a mutual conversion formula of a spectral reflectance before lamination processing and a spectral reflectance after lamination processing; and calculating a device color CMYK3 that is an output device color using the spectral reflectance R2, the output profile, and light source information.

An information processing apparatus storing a machine-learned model that learned, by machine learning, a relationship between a type of a printing medium, an amount of a coloring material on the printing medium per unit area, and an image printed on the printing medium; and estimating, based on a selection information and a imaging information, by using the machine-learned model a limit value indicating a maximum value or a minimum value of an amount of the coloring material to be used in printing on the printing medium by the printing section per unit area; and creating, by using the limit value, a color conversion profile including information regarding mapping between a coordinate value in a color space and an amount of the coloring material.

A color chart is for performing color adjustment on an image forming apparatus. The color chart includes identification information and a color adjustment patch. The identification information is on an image forming apparatus to which color adjustment is to be applied. The color adjustment patch includes a plurality of color patches for performing color adjustment on the image forming apparatus indicated by the identification information.

An image forming apparatus including an image forming unit is provided. The apparatus determines a color of a tone patch for tone correction, to be composited with an image, in accordance with a color component used in the image; generates a patch-included image by compositing the tone patch of the color determined with the image; generates a corrected image by performing tone correction on the patch-included image on the basis of tone correction information for each color component; performs color measurement of the tone patch formed on the medium on which the corrected image has been formed, and updates the tone correction information on the basis of a value measured.

A color value prediction system includes a color-value predicting section configured to receive an input of information representing ink amounts of a first apparatus and output spectral reflectance, a receiving section configured to receive an input of information representing a designated color gamut, a preparing section configured to prepare first teacher information representing a plurality of sets of combinations of ink amounts of the first apparatus and second teacher information, which is a plurality of sets of spectral reflectance respectively associated with the plurality of sets of combinations of ink amounts of the first teacher information, and a generating section configured to generate the color-value predicting section with machine learning in which the first teacher information serving as an input value and the second teacher information serving as an output value are used as teacher data. The first teacher information includes designated teacher information representing a combination of ink amounts of the first apparatus representing a color included in the designated color gamut.

An image forming apparatus including a plurality of sheet feeding cassettes includes a control unit. The control unit performs control. In a case where a predetermined condition is satisfied during execution of a print job to print image data, the control unit performs control to execute interruption processing of a correction job to print a correction patch. The control unit performs control to determine, from the plurality of sheet feeding cassettes, a sheet feeding cassette to be used for the correction job based on information on the sheet feeding cassette used for the print job.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming mechanism that forms a first image on a recording medium based on an image forming condition; a detector that detects a first color of the first image and a color of a foundation under the first image from the recording medium on which the first image is formed; a storage that stores reference data for specifying a relative relationship between a position of the first color in a color space and a position of the color of the foundation in the color space; and a processing circuitry, wherein the processing circuitry corrects the image forming condition based on the reference data and the first color and the color of the foundation detected by the detector.