A method for transmitting broadcast signals by an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, the method includes encoding service data according to a 16200 bit codeword and a 11/15 code rate based on addresses in a parity check matrix, wherein the encoded service data comprises information bits and parity bits; building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded service data; modulating data in the built signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme; and transmitting broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the encoding of the service data comprises: initializing the parity bits, adding the information bits to the parity bits of which addresses are based on values of entries in each row of the parity check matrix, wherein a row of the parity check matrix corresponds to a 360 bit group of the information bits.

A method for transmitting broadcast signals by an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, the method includes encoding service data according to a 16200 bit codeword and a 11/15 code rate based on addresses in a parity check matrix, wherein the encoded service data comprises information bits and parity bits; building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded service data; modulating data in the built signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme; and transmitting broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the encoding of the service data comprises: initializing the parity bits, adding the information bits to the parity bits of which addresses are based on values of entries in each row of the parity check matrix, wherein a row of the parity check matrix corresponds to a 360 bit group of the information bits.

In one embodiment, a method of signaling individual layers in a transport stream includes: determining a plurality of layers in a transport stream, wherein each layer includes a respective transport stream parameter setting; determining an additional layer for the plurality of layers in the transport stream, wherein the additional layer enhances one or more of the plurality of layers including a base layer and the respective layer parameter settings for the plurality of layers do not take into account the additional layer; and determining an additional transport stream parameter setting for the additional layer, the additional transport stream parameter setting specifying a relationship between the additional layer and at least a portion of the plurality of layers, wherein the additional transport stream parameter setting is used to decode the additional layer and the at least a portion of the plurality of layers.

In one embodiment, a method of signaling individual layers in a transport stream includes: determining a plurality of layers in a transport stream, wherein each layer includes a respective transport stream parameter setting; determining an additional layer for the plurality of layers in the transport stream, wherein the additional layer enhances one or more of the plurality of layers including a base layer and the respective layer parameter settings for the plurality of layers do not take into account the additional layer; and determining an additional transport stream parameter setting for the additional layer, the additional transport stream parameter setting specifying a relationship between the additional layer and at least a portion of the plurality of layers, wherein the additional transport stream parameter setting is used to decode the additional layer and the at least a portion of the plurality of layers.

An apparatus for receiving a broadcast signal, includes a receiver configured to receive the broadcast signal including physical layer signaling data, signaling data, content data and service guide information, wherein the signaling data is included in a signal frame indicated by the physical layer signaling data, wherein the signaling data includes mapping information between a service and a PLP, and information supporting channel scanning and service acquisition, wherein the service guide information includes a service fragment having information about the broadcast service and a content fragment having information about content data of the broadcast service, wherein the content fragment further includes a content-level PrivateExt element having component information of the content data, wherein the component information includes information for a component in the broadcast service, and wherein the component is one of a video component, an audio component, and a closed caption component (CC).

An apparatus for receiving a broadcast signal, includes a receiver configured to receive the broadcast signal including physical layer signaling data, signaling data, content data and service guide information, wherein the signaling data is included in a signal frame indicated by the physical layer signaling data, wherein the signaling data includes mapping information between a service and a PLP, and information supporting channel scanning and service acquisition, wherein the service guide information includes a service fragment having information about the broadcast service and a content fragment having information about content data of the broadcast service, wherein the content fragment further includes a content-level PrivateExt element having component information of the content data, wherein the component information includes information for a component in the broadcast service, and wherein the component is one of a video component, an audio component, and a closed caption component (CC).

A portable information terminal includes a controller configured to control a communication interface to transmit a charging permission response to a broadcast receiving apparatus in response to a charging permission request data transmitted when a broadcasting program that a user of the broadcast receiving apparatus desires to view contains an asset that requires charging. The charging permission response is allowed to be transmitted when positional information indicates that the portable information terminal is positioned inside of a predetermined positional range and apparatus identification information in the charging permission request data, by which the broadcast receiving apparatus is allowed to be identified, coincides with apparatus identification information stored in a memory. The controller controls the communication interface to transmit a charging denial response to the broadcast receiving apparatus when the positional information indicates that the portable information terminal is positioned outside of the predetermined positional range.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal, includes compressing headers of Internet Protocol (IP) packets in an IP packet stream to output a compressed IP packet stream, the compressed IP packet stream including Initialization Refresh (IR) packets, a first group of IR-dynamic packets, and compressed IP packets; extracting context information from the compressed IP packet stream, wherein when the context information is extracted only from the IR packets in the compressed IP packet stream, the IR packets are converted to a second group of IR-dynamic packets; building signaling information including the context information; and encapsulating the signaling information into one or more signaling link layer packets and the compressed IP packet stream into link layer packets that are distinct from the one or more signaling link layer packets.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal, includes compressing headers of Internet Protocol (IP) packets in an IP packet stream to output a compressed IP packet stream, the compressed IP packet stream including Initialization Refresh (IR) packets, a first group of IR-dynamic packets, and compressed IP packets; extracting context information from the compressed IP packet stream, wherein when the context information is extracted only from the IR packets in the compressed IP packet stream, the IR packets are converted to a second group of IR-dynamic packets; building signaling information including the context information; and encapsulating the signaling information into one or more signaling link layer packets and the compressed IP packet stream into link layer packets that are distinct from the one or more signaling link layer packets.

A system and method implements communications between a TV operator's infrastructure and set-top boxes (STBs) through a TV operator's infrastructure, wherein the infrastructure includes at least one Conditional Access System (CAS), a messaging engine and a Set Top Box (STB), the STB including a unique identification value. The method comprises receiving a structured message in the messaging engine; computing a stream out of multiple received structured messages by the messaging engine and sending to the multiplexor; including the stream of structured messages in a broadcasted signal transmitted through the TV operator's infrastructure; receiving the broadcasted signal by the STB and extracting a structured message; and comparing addressing information in the extracted structured message with a unique identification of the STB. Messages directed to the STB can be displayed.