The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). A method for handling reception of a plurality of media streams in a mission critical (MC) system is provided. The method includes transmitting, by an MC server, a request to each of one or more receiving devices for receiving a plurality of media streams from a plurality of transmitting devices; receiving, by the MC server, a response from each one of the one or more receiving devices for receiving a number of media streams among the plurality of media streams transmitted by the one or more of the plurality of transmitting devices and updating the number of media streams to be received by each one of the one or more receiving devices as a counter value; identifying, by the MC server, the one or more receiving devices intended to receive the media streams from the one or more of the plurality of transmitting devices based on a synchronization source (SSRC) identifier associated with media streams of each of the one or more of the plurality of transmitting devices and the counter value; and transmitting, based on the SSRC identifier and the counter value, by the MC server, media streams from the one or more of the plurality of transmitting devices to the identified one or more receiving devices.

A system obtains a data set representing immersive video content for display at a display time, including first data representing the content according to a first level of detail, and second data representing the content according to a second higher level of detail. During one or more first times prior to the display time, the system causes at least a portion of the first data to be stored in a buffer. During one or more second times prior to the display time, the system generates a prediction of a viewport for displaying the content to a user at the display time, identifies a portion of the second data corresponding to the prediction of the viewport, and causes the identified portion of the second data to be stored in the video buffer. At the display time, the system causes the content to be displayed to the user using the video buffer.

A hand-held turbine cleaning tool includes front and rear housings coupled to each other, an outlet at one end of the tool, and a top of the tool at an opposed end. The outlet is directed in a first direction away from the top. An inlet is disposed between the outlet and the top and is also directed in the first direction. A diverter valve at the inlet is moveable between on and off positions. The on position directs water flowing into the inlet from the inlet, up to the top in a second direction opposite the first direction, and then down to the outlet in the first direction. A turbine at the top has a turbine shaft that extends outside the tool. An abrasive member is connected to the turbine shaft and is configured to rotate when water flows from the inlet to the outlet.

[Problem] In order to improve the likelihood of being able to continue delivery even during degradation of communication quality and improve the efficiency of use of the capability of a transmission path, even with hierarchical encoding having a small number of hierarchies, the present invention comprises: measuring the communication quality of the transmission path with a data receiving device; determining a hierarchical structure of hierarchical data on the basis of the results of measuring the communication quality; generating the hierarchical data of the hierarchical structure by hierarchical encoding of input data; and delivering delivery data of at least some hierarchies of the hierarchical data to the data receiving device.

A system and method of operating an over-the-air broadcast television system having spectrum capacity that has a first portion for linear broadcasting content in real time and a second portion corresponding to a dormant capacity. A content distribution network system receives digital content from a content storage system. A dormant capacity estimator estimates dormant capacity of the spectrum capacity. An intermediate storage device communicates a registration request signal to the content distribution network system using a reverse link. The content distribution network system communicates a registration acknowledgement signal to the intermediate storage device. The content distribution network system communicates the digital content to the intermediate storage device through the over-the-air broadcast television network system. The intermediate storage device stories the digital content therein. The content distribution network system communicates the digital content to a user device through a local link after storing the digital content.

A system and method for training and executing an adaptive bitrate (ABR) controller can include clustering content into content clusters based on content metadata, clustering network scenarios based on network information, normalizing input measurements, training the ABR controller for each content within at least one of a given content cluster and a given network scenario cluster by determining network information and network metadata, associated with the respective content, determining a content bitrate, determining a reward associated with the content bitrate, and training the ABR controller based on the reward.

Content may be received at an edge location in one format, but delivered to a terminal on an access network in another format. The received content may be transcoded at the edge location. The transcoded content may be stored, or immediately delivered. The transcoded content may be fragmented prior to storage. Multiple copies of the transcoded content may be maintained in multiple formats. These formats may be aligned with one another such that delivery of the content can include delivering portions of the content in one format and other portions of the content in another format.

Systems and methods configured to detect and manage video transcoder latencies are described. A manifest is received and is used to request video segments included in a manifest playlist. A transcoder having an input and output is used to transcode video segments. A delta time for a first SCTE-35 marker between the transcoder input and the transcoder output is determined, where the delta time corresponds to a transcoder latency. A determination is made as to whether a corrective action needs to be taken with respect to the latency, and such corrective action is taken as needed. The corrective action may include a transcoder reset. The manifest may be a text file and may be in the form of an HLS or DASH manifest. Additionally, streaming latencies may be reduced by switching content distribution systems, increasing the number of edge systems distributing content to clients, and/or by increasing video cache memory.

A disclosed digital media device operational at user premises to receive media signals from a media source for presentation via endpoint devices such as a television display. The digital media device can include gateway and digital media management functionality and can be referred to as a gateway and digital media device. The device offers application services obtained over a wide area network and a user premises network. The digital media device may form a composite signal from the media signal and application service information, for example, for a composite audio and/or video signal for television type presentation to the user. The digital media device may receive a selection signal based on the presentation, for transmission to the application service provider device or to the media source. The media device also offers a GUI presenting a moveable arrangement of icons for selectively accessing application services.

Media content is encoded based on network quality of service parameters. For instance, quality of service parameters for a network between a media server and a media client are determined by a system. The system selects an encoder based on a list of decoders available at the media client and the quality of service parameters, and encodes at least a portion of the media via the encoder. The system can further determine settings for the encoder based on a media type, and encode the media via the encoder according to the settings. The system can detect when the media client moves to a new network, detect new quality of service parameters, and select a new encoder based on the list of decoders available at the media client, the media type, and the new quality of service parameters.