Embodiments of a Network Manager (NM), a (NFVO), and methods of communication are disclosed herein. The NM may transfer, to the NFVO, an update NS request message to update the NS instance based on the new NSD. The NM may encode the update NS request message to include: an nsInstanceID parameter that identifies the NS instance, and an updateType parameter that indicates a type of update for the NS instance. One value of “AssocPnfWithPnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the PNF of the NS instance with a new or updated PNF profile indicated by the new NSD. Another value of “AssocVnfWithVnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the VNF of the NS instance with a new or updated VNF profile indicated by the new NSD.

An embodiment of the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and particularly to a data offloading method and a gateway, for achieving data offloading and relieving pressure on a core network. The data offloading method according to the embodiment of the present application is applied to a long term evolution (LTE) system including a base station, a gateway, a core network, and a local server, wherein the base station establishes a link with the core network via the gateway and the base station establishes a link with the local server via the gateway. The method comprises: a gateway receives a first data packet transmitted by a base station, wherein the first data packet comprises first data; and the gateway transmits the first data to a local server upon determining that the first data packet is not a VoLTE data packet in an LTE system, thereby achieving offloading of non-VoLTE data and thus relieving the pressure on a core network.

A mechanism for controlling configuration of dual connectivity for a UE that has a first connection with a first access node. The first access node could make a determination whether a level of load of a second access node with which the UE is not currently connected is threshold high. And if the determination is that the determined level of load of the second access node is not at least threshold high, then the first access node could proceed with application of a process for adding the second connection, without applying a timer for delaying application of the process. Whereas, if the determination is that the determined level of load of the second access node is at least predefined threshold high, then the first access node could apply the timer for delaying application of the process and, upon expiration of the timer, could proceed with application of the process.

Disclosed herein is an architecture for an edge computing platform based on an underlying wireless mesh network. The architecture includes nodes installed with equipment for operating as part of a wireless mesh network, including (1) a first tier of one or more Point of Presence (PoP) node, (2) a second tier of one or more seed nodes that are each directly connected to at least one PoP node via a PoP-to-seed wireless link, and (3) a third tier of one or more anchor nodes that are each connected to at least one seed node either (i) directly via a seed-to-anchor wireless link or (ii) indirectly via one or more intermediate anchor nodes, one or more anchor-to-anchor wireless links, and one seed-to-anchor wireless link, where at least one node in each of these tiers is further installed with equipment for operating as part of an edge computing platform.

Disclosed are a signaling transmission method and apparatus, base station and terminal. The signaling transmission method includes: a base station determines a manner for a terminal transmitting signaling data on a signaling radio bearer; and the base station transmits instruction information for instructing the terminal whether to transmit the signaling data on the signaling radio bearer in a separate transmitting manner to the terminal.

Systems and methods for balancing load in an area of a wireless network comprising first nodes operating according to a first Radio Access Technology and at least one second node operating according to a second Radio Access Technology. The method comprises establishing a connection between a user device and a first node; receiving an indication of an entry threshold for establishing a connection between the user device and a second node during a current time period, wherein the entry threshold is determined in dependence on an expected usage requirement for the area of the wireless network during the current time period; determining, by the user device, whether a parameter of a signal received from the second node exceeds the entry threshold; and responsive to determining that the parameter of the signal received from the second node exceeds the entry threshold, establishing, by the first node, a dual connectivity session between the user device and both the first and the second nodes.

A backhaul bandwidth management method for a wireless network is provided. Firstly, a backhaul connection mode is adjusted by a network device in a backhaul network according to a wireless capability. Then, a backhaul guaranteed bandwidth is guaranteed by the network device according to at least one of a dedicated service set identifier (SSID), a dedicated radio frequency (RF) band and a dedicated wireless mode. Then, a bandwidth allocation algorithm is executed by the network device to ensure that at least one backhaul transmission connection has the backhaul guaranteed bandwidth. Finally, a backhaul SSID is set to a first wireless network standard only mode by the network device to ensure that data transmission will not be interfered with by other network devices transmitting data according to a second wireless network standard in the backhaul network.

A 5G network having a multi-path transport protocol (MPTP) proxy external to the user plane function (UPF). The session management function (SMF) provides address information of the external MPTP proxy to user equipment (UE) and distributes access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS)-related rules to the UE, the UPF, and the external MPTP proxy. The external MPTP proxy receives, from the UPF, (i) 3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a 3GPP radio access network (RAN) and (ii) non-3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a non-3GPP RAN, combines the 3GPP and non-3GPP uplink data to form network uplink data for a data network. The external MPTP proxy also divides received network downlink data into 3GPP downlink data and non-3GPP downlink data, and provides the 3GPP and non-3GPP downlink data to the UPF for transmission to the UE via the 3GPP RAN and the non-3GPP RAN, respectively.

Provided are a method and a device for load information interaction, a processor and a storage medium. The method includes: sending, by a first network node, a load request message to a second network node, where the load request message is used for indicating configuration information used by the second network node in reporting load information to the first network node; and receiving, by the first network node, the load information reported by the second network node according to the configuration information. The second network node and the first network node belong to different logical nodes in a network. The technical problem that load management cannot be performed when the second network node and the first network node belong to different logical nodes in related technology is solved, and the maximum performance of the network is fully exhibited.

Provided is an association redirection method. The method includes following steps: a first network element determines a trigger mode for triggering an association redirection of a UE, and the first network element performs the association redirection on the UE according to the determined trigger mode. Further provided are an association redirection apparatus, a processor and a storage medium.