A mechanism is disclosed operating a transport network function (TNF) as part of a fifth generation wireless (5G) virtualized control plane. The mechanism includes receiving a request to compute a traffic engineering (TE) path in a 5G transport network for a packet data unit (PDU) session, the request received from a 5G virtualized control plane function via a service based interface (SBI) bus. Network topology information for the 5G transport network is obtained via a northbound interface (Nn). A TE path across the 5G transport network is computed for the PDU session based on the network topology information. A TE path identifier for the TE path computed for the PDU session is returned via the SBI bus.

There is provided a method for a fifth generation network. The method is performed by a first network function (NF) node of a service consumer or a first service communication proxy (SCP) node that is configured to operate as an SCP between the first NF node and one or more second NF nodes of a service producer. A message is received (102) from a second network node. The message comprises an indication that a second NF node is under testing in the network. The indication signals that the second NF node is a candidate for selection when selecting at least one second NF node towards which network traffic is to be transmitted, and/or the message comprises load information for the second NF node and the indication signals that the load information is representative of a predefined amount of network traffic that the second NF node is required to receive.

Provided are a method and an apparatus for multi-link data transmission and a storage medium. The method includes: transmitting real time application (RTA) data over a primary link; and transmitting the RTA data at a high priority in response to a repetition condition being triggered. The apparatus includes: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to transmit RTA data over a primary link; and transmit the RTA data at a high priority in response to a repetition condition being triggered.

Methods and systems for SIM management on a DSDA/DSDS device. Methods and systems for Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) management on a User Equipment (UE) are provided. The UE includes one of, a Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) UE, or a Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) UE. A method disclosed herein includes selecting a SIM from dual SIM for at least one application to establish at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session. The method includes selecting the SIM for the at least one application based on, at least one of, UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules of each SIM, Local Area Data Network (LADN) Data Network Names (DNNs) available per SIM, a current status of each SIM, and an availability of Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network (PNI-NPN) services for each SIM.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for a splitting backhaul traffic over multiple satellites. In some implementations, a system includes a two satellite terminals, each configured to communicate over a different satellite network connection. The two satellite network connections involve different terrestrial satellite gateways and may involve different satellites. The system includes a communication subsystem that is configured to use the satellite network connections as backhaul links for one or more wireless base stations, and to split traffic among the satellite network connections according to the category of traffic. For example, the communication subsystem is configured to split traffic among the two satellite network connections such that (i) a first category of traffic is provided over the first satellite network connection and (ii) a second category of traffic is provided over the second satellite network connection.

The present disclosure provides a method in an application server for Quality of Service, QoS, control. The method includes: determining to adjust a QoS associated with a service for one or more terminal devices; and transmitting, to a control function entity, a request for adjusting the QoS for the one or more terminal devices.

A management apparatus of a Radio Access Network (RAN) that is shared by a plurality of operators, wherein the RAN comprises: a Central Unit (CU); a first Distributed Unit (DU) that is communicably connected to the CU; a second DU that is communicably connected to the CU; and a Radio Unit (RU) that is communicably connected to the first DU and the second DU, wherein the management apparatus comprises a processor that executes transmission of instructions to the CU, the first DU, and the second DU to cause the second DU to process, among data to be processed at the first DU for the RU, at least a portion of data for a specific equipment (UE) that is communicably connected to the RU.

Network initiated Wi-Fi Stream Classification Service (SCS) may be provided. SCS flow parameters may first be negotiated. A flow may be provisioned using the SCS flow parameters. A Station (STA) may associate with an Access Point (AP), and the STA may be allowed to communicate with the AP using the flow according to the SCS flow parameters.

Service chain integration with a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) may be provided. A computing device may send metadata from a wireless network to a Service Function (SF) selected from one of a plurality of SFs. Then the computing device may receive a control trigger from the SF in response to the metadata. The computing device may then perform a service action on the wireless network in response to the control trigger.

A wireless communication system comprising a user equipment (UE) component configured to receive a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) packet. The UE component is configured to duplicate the V2X packet to form a plurality of duplicated V2X packets at a protocol stack layer of the UE component, wherein each duplicated V2X packet is associated with a directional range.