The present application discloses a heater and a smoking set including the heater. The heater includes: a base, having an inner surface and an outer surface; an infrared radiation layer, formed on the surface of the base; the infrared radiation layer is configured to generate infrared rays and at least heat an aerosol-forming matrix by radiation; a heating body arranged at the periphery of the base, and used to receive electric power from a power supply to generate heat. The heating body is configured to transfer the heat to heat the infrared radiation layer to generate the infrared rays. According to the present application, the infrared radiation layer is heated up by the heating body so that the infrared radiation layer generates infrared radiation to heat the aerosol-forming matrix, thereby reducing the preheating time of the aerosol-forming matrix and improving the user experience.

A solid state heater and methods of manufacturing the heater is disclosed. The heater comprises a unitary component that includes portions that are graphite and other portions that are silicon carbide. Current is conducted through the graphite portion of the unitary structure between two or more terminals. The silicon carbide does not conduct electricity, but is effective at conducting the heat throughout the unitary component. In certain embodiments, chemical vapor conversion (CVC) is used to create the solid state heater. If desired, a coating may be applied to the unitary component to protect it from a harsh environment.

Providing is a heating arrangement for bonding a protective shell to a wind turbine blade, including a heating blanket with a first portion and a second portion of a heatable structure, wherein the first portion and the second portion adjoin at a fold of the heating blanket, wherein the fold is curved equally or substantially equally to a curvature of an edge of the wind turbine blade or of a segment of an edge of the wind turbine blade, wherein the heating blanket is mountable to a surface of the wind turbine blade in such manner that the fold abuts the edge or the segment of the edge and that the first portion and the second portion each abuts the surface of the wind turbine blade.

A heater includes a ceramic body of bar shape; and a heat-generating resistor disposed in an inside of the ceramic body, when viewed in a transverse section, the heat-generating resistor including at least one step portion provided in an outer periphery part of the heat-generating resistor, the at least one step portion having such a shape that semicircular portions bisected in a diametrical direction of the heat-generating resistor deviate from each other along the diametrical direction.

A low-temperature smoking set, comprising a housing assembly (1) and a heating assembly (4) disposed in the housing assembly (1), wherein a cavity (121) used for inserting a cigarette (10) is provided on the housing assembly (1), and a cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) used for accommodating at least a part of the cigarette (10) is provided at the inner part of the housing assembly (1). At least one cigarette holding mechanism (5) is disposed at the cavity wall of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1). The cigarette holding mechanism (5) comprises at least two deformable elastic protrusion parts (P2) arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1). The elastic protrusion parts (P2) are in the shape of sheets and extend from the cavity wall of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) toward the inner part of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) along the radial direction of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1), thereby implementing adaptive adjustment according to the diameter of the cigarette (10) so as to adapt to cigarettes of different diameters (10). In addition, since the elastic protrusion parts (P2) are in the shape of sheets, heat dissipation may be better prevented, thereby ensuring the baking efficiency of the cigarette (10).

An object is to provide a water-based heat-generating coating material that can generate high-temperature heat and a planar heat-generating element that includes a resistance heat-generating layer formed by applying the water-based heat-generating coating material. As a solution, a water-based heat-generating coating material is provided that includes a conductive material, a binder resin, and water-swellable synthetic mica, and contains the water-swellable synthetic mica by 3 parts by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less relative to 100 parts by weight of solid content, as well as a planar heat-generating element that includes a resistance heat-generating layer formed by applying the water-based heat-generating coating material.

Provided is an electrically heated catalytic converter including at least a conductive substrate and an electrode member that is fixed to the substrate, in which a protective film is formed on a surface of at least a portion of the electrode member. In the electrically heated catalytic converter, at least a portion of the protective film is formed of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2, or a composite oxide including Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, or a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a major component, the protective film has an amorphous structure or a partially crystalline glass structure having a crystallization rate of 30 vol % or lower with respect to the entire portion of the protective film, and a thickness of the protective film is in a range of 100 nm to 2 μm.

A thermal emitter includes a freestanding membrane supported by a substrate, wherein the freestanding membrane includes in a lateral extension a center section, a conductive intermediate section and a border section, wherein the conductive intermediate section laterally surrounds the center section and is electrically isolated from the center section, the conductive intermediate section including a conductive semiconductor material that is encapsulated in an insulating material, wherein the border section at least partially surrounds the intermediate section and is electrically isolated from the conductive intermediate section, and wherein a perforation is formed through the border section.

A method of heating/cooling one or more substrates includes placing the one or more substrates on a rotatable hot-cold plate, wherein each substrate of the one or more substrates is placed on a corresponding sub-plate of a plurality of sub-plates of the rotatable hot-cold plate. The method further includes rotating the one or more substrates, wherein rotating the one or more substrates comprises rotating each substrate of the one or more substrates independently. The method further includes heating or cooling the one or more substrates using a heating-cooling element, wherein rotating the one or more substrates comprises rotating the one or more substrates relative to the heating-cooling element.

A MEMS gas sensor includes a photoacoustic sensor including a thermal emitter and an acoustic transducer, the thermal emitter and the acoustic transducer being inside a mutual measurement cavity. The thermal emitter includes a semiconductor substrate and a heating structure supported by the semiconductor substrate. The heating structure includes a heating element. The MEMS gas sensor further includes a chemical sensor thermally coupled to the heating element, and the chemical sensor including a gas adsorbing layer.