A method for producing a high-temperature includes forming a dimensionally stable green body of the high-temperature component from a matrix material and pyrolizing the matrix material. A material mixture of the matrix material with a carbon material is used to form the high-temperature component, and a thermoplastic is used as the matrix material. The green body is formed by additive manufacturing.

A defrosting system for defrosting an evaporator assembly is disclosed. The system includes the evaporator assembly, an electrically resistive coating having an electrically insulative matrix and a conductive doping agent disposed on at least one surface of the evaporator assembly, and a plurality of electrical terminals arranged and disposed to supply electricity to the electrically resistive coating. A method for defrosting an evaporator assembly and a coating for heating evaporator assemblies are also disclosed.

Described herein is a heating device for use with apparatus for heating smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material. The heating device includes a heating element, and smokable material bonded to the heating element. The heating element includes a layer of electrically-conductive material, a first layer of polyimide, and a second layer of polyimide. The layer of electrically-conductive material is located between the first and second layers of polyimide. Also described are cartridges including the heating device, apparatus including the heating device, and methods of manufacturing the heating device.

An electric air heating device for a vehicle, specifically a motor vehicle, preferably a private car or a heavy goods vehicle, including at least a first heating element around which the air to be heated flows, wherein the first heating element comprises a preferably electrically-insulating substrate and at least one electrically-conductive carbon-based coating, specifically a polymer coating.

A heater (1a) includes a support (10) made of an organic polymer and having a sheet shape, a heating element (20), and at least one pair of power supply electrodes (30) in contact with the heating element (20). The heating element (20) is a transparent conductive film made of a polycrystalline material containing indium oxide as a main component. In the heater (1a), the heating element (20) has a specific resistance of 1.410.sup.4 .Math.cm to 310.sup.4 .Math.cm. The heating element (20) has a thickness of more than 20 nm and not more than 100 nm.

An electrical liquid heating device, in particular water heating device, preferably for a motor vehicle, including at least a first conductive layer, in particular a first metal layer, a second conductive layer, in particular a second metal layer, and a polymer layer which contains a polymer component and a conductive carbon component and is arranged between the first and the second conductive layer, wherein liquid channels for conducting the liquid, in particular water, being heated are provided which extend from a first side of the polymer layer facing the first conductive layer to a second side of the polymer layer facing the second conductive layer.

A method for producing an electric heating device, preferably fluid- or air-heating device, in particular for a motor vehicle, wherein at least one conductive polymer structure is produced by primary forming, said polymer structure containing a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular carbon component, wherein fluid channels for conducting the fluid to be heated are introduced into the polymer structure during the primary-forming manufacturing.

An electric heating appliance, particularly a liquid or air heating appliance, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising a first heating element with a corresponding main body and at least one second heating element with a corresponding main body. A clearance is formed between the heating elements through which fluid can flow for its heating. The heating elements are joined together by at least one spacer arranged between them, particularly a conductive spacer. The spacer is a fixed component of the first heating element.

A method for producing an electric heating device, preferably liquid or air heating device, in particular for a motor vehicle, wherein at least one first conductive polymer layer which contains a first polymer component and a first conductive component, in particular carbon component, is applied to an, in particular, insulating, first substrate in order to form a first heating element and is crosslinked there by means of radiation.

An electric heating apparatus, in particular a liquid or air heating apparatus, in particular for a motor vehicle, including a first heating element and at least one second heating element. The heating elements comprise in each case one, in particular insulating, substrate and one polymer layer which contains a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular a carbon component. An intermediate space through which the fluid is capable of passing for heating said fluid is configured between the heating elements. The heating elements are connected to one another by one or a plurality of, in particular conductive, spacer(s) disposed therebetween, and/or one or more, in particular conductive, positioning element(s) that penetrate (a) respective clearance(s) and/or openings of the heating elements.