A circuit comprises a first printed circuit board (60) carrying a first set of components and a second printed circuit board (62) carrying a second set of components, with a clearance (64) between the first and second printed circuit boards. A transformer (66) has a primary side connected to the first set of components and a secondary side connected to the second set of components. One of the transformer windings, and its connection to a respective set of components, comprises a triple insulated wire. A glass, ceramic or mica spacer (70) mounted to the first and second printed circuit boards defines and sets the clearance (64) between the first and second printed circuit boards. The clearance requirement is met by providing separate printed circuit boards with spacing between them and the use of a triple insulated wire addresses or overcomes issues of creepage. Thus, high frequency and high voltage operation on the first printed circuit board is possible.

A converter circuit arrangement is provided, including a converter switch controller, a converter switch, a load circuit interface and an inductor. The converter switch controller may include a control input. The converter switch may be coupled between a first power supply potential and the control input. The inductor may be coupled between a second power supply potential and the load circuit interface. The load circuit interface may be coupled between the control input and the inductor.

For a programmable direct current (DC)-DC converter application, a driver system includes a switched mode power circuit for providing a DC power signal to an electrical load and a control block. Control block includes interfaces coupled to receive at least one input signal from a low voltage region of the switched mode power circuit and to provide at least one control signal to the low voltage region. Control block configures the switched mode power circuit to provide the DC power signal having at least one power parameter within a tolerance of a power configuration setting value of the electrical load. Control block responds to the at least one input signal from the low voltage region to adjust operation of the low voltage region via the at least one control signal. Low voltage region can include a plurality of switched converter circuits.

For a programmable direct current (DC)-DC converter application, a driver system includes a switched mode power circuit for providing a DC power signal to an electrical load and a control block. Control block includes interfaces coupled to receive at least one input signal from a low voltage region of the switched mode power circuit and to provide at least one control signal to the low voltage region. Control block configures the switched mode power circuit to provide the DC power signal having at least one power parameter within a tolerance of a power configuration setting value of the electrical load. Control block responds to the at least one input signal from the low voltage region to adjust operation of the low voltage region via the at least one control signal. Low voltage region can include a plurality of switched converter circuits.

A controllable driver (1) is provided for driving a load. The controllable driver (1) comprises a primary converter (11) and a control circuit (13) isolated from one another by an opto-isolator (18). The controllable driver (11) is isolated from an output load (19) by a magnetically coupled pair of windings (112, 114); wherein said windings are adapted to provide a voltage supply to said output load. A feedback signal from the output load, indicative of a load current flowing in the second winding, is provided to the control circuit by a winding (12) isolated from the first and second windings (112, 114), such that the control circuit (13) remains isolated from the output load. The control circuit also directly receive input control signal without an opto-isolator. The control circuit is also isolated from the switching core (111) of the primary converter (11) via an opto-isolator. Such a controllable driver reduces the likelihood and impact of electromagnetic interference test failures and potential energy surges.

A lighting system comprises an excitor which drives at least one reactor. The reactor is an under-damped resonant circuit that includes a network of lighting elements in a reactive string and reactive components distributed among the lighting elements. These reactive components can regulate individual lighting elements. The lighting elements emit an AC luminous waveform which comprises a first phase and a second phase. Selected lighting elements can be modulated by a datastream. The modulated light moves through free-space to a receiving device.

A load control device for regulating an average magnitude of a load current conducted through an electrical load may operate in different modes. The load control device may comprise a control circuit configured to activate an inverter circuit during an active state period and deactivate the inverter circuit during an inactive state period. In one mode, the control circuit may adjust the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting the inactive state period while keeping the active state period constant. In another mode, the control circuit may adjust the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting the active state period while keeping the inactive state period constant. In yet another mode, the control circuit may keep a duty cycle of the inverter circuit constant and regulate the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting a target load current conducted through the electrical load.

A load control device for regulating an average magnitude of a load current conducted through an electrical load may operate in different modes. The load control device may comprise a control circuit configured to activate an inverter circuit during an active state period and deactivate the inverter circuit during an inactive state period. In one mode, the control circuit may adjust the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting the inactive state period while keeping the active state period constant. In another mode, the control circuit may adjust the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting the active state period while keeping the inactive state period constant. In yet another mode, the control circuit may keep a duty cycle of the inverter circuit constant and regulate the average magnitude of the load current by adjusting a target load current conducted through the electrical load.

Disclosed is a dual-mode operation controller in collocation with an input capacitor, a flyback transformer, a first primary-side switch, a second primary-side switch, a current-sensing resistor, a primary-side voltage-sensing unit, a secondary-side rectifier, and an output capacitor as a Primary-Side Regulation (PSR) flyback converter, which is dynamically controlled to operate in two operating modes, including Quasi-Resonant-Discontinuous Conduction Mode (QR-DCM) and Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), in accordance with a loading condition so as to convert a unregulated DC input voltage source into a regulated DC output voltage source. The dual-mode operation controller has at least 5 pins, and the flyback transformer includes a primary-side winding, a secondary-side winding, and an auxiliary winding. The first primary-side and second primary-side switches are connected in series with the current-sensing resistor and placed at the low side of the primary-side winding, and the second primary-side switch is driven by the dual-mode operation controller.

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light system has a plurality of LED groups connected in parallel with each of the plurality of LED groups having one or more LEDs connected in series, a power circuit having a plurality of outputs with each output of the power circuit is electrically coupled to a respective one of the plurality of LED groups, and a control subsystem electrically coupled to the power circuit for individually controlling each output of the power circuit for controlling the operation of the corresponding LED group and adapting to the characteristics thereof. In some embodiments, at least one LED group may further have a switch and/or a light-angle controlling structure connected with the one or more LEDs in series and controlled by the control subsystem for selectively enabling or disabling the LED group and/or adjusting the light angle thereof.