The present disclosure describes material surface treatment systems and methods for grafting a coded substance (e.g., a molecular code) to a material through a surface treatment process. In some examples, the material is subjected to a plasma discharge containing the molecular code, which is grafted onto the material at the molecular level thereby having little or no impact on the properties of the treated material.

The present invention discloses an ionization apparatus 10 for ionizing an analyte S, comprising an inlet E, an outlet A, a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a dielectric element 3. The first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the dielectric element 3 are arranged relative to one another such that, by applying an electric voltage between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, a dielectric barrier discharge is establishable in a discharge area 5 in the ionization apparatus 10. The first and second electrodes 1, 2 are arranged such that they are displaceable or movable relative to each other.

An ozone generator for a hot tub, the ozone generator comprising an elongate body comprising an inlet and an outlet to define a flow path therealong and first and second electrodes spaced apart to define a gap therebetween, said gap being provided along the flow path. The ozone generator is configured to apply an electrical charge to the first and second electrodes, in use, to generate an electric arc discharge across the gap. The ozone generator further comprises a shielding arrangement configured to isolate the first and second electrodes from the electric arc discharge generated during use. By isolating the electrodes from the electric arc discharge, they are shielded from surface oxidation and subsequent corrosion caused by the electric arc discharge, thereby improving service life.

This disclosure relates to stabilized anti-cancer atmospheric plasma (CAP)-stimulated media, to methods for preparing such media, and to methods of treatment using such media.

A water purifier for home use, irrigation systems used for crop cultivation or the pharmaceutical industry includes a water inlet for a water to be purified and a water outlet for a purified water. A water treatment chamber is fluidly connected to the water inlet and the water outlet. The water treatment chamber is confined by a chamber wall. The water purifier includes a high-voltage plasma unit for generating a cold plasma within the water treatment chamber. The plasma unit has a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is arranged inside the water treatment chamber such that, during use of the water purifier, it is contacted by the water. The second electrode is disposed spaced apart from the first electrode and electrically insulated therefrom by a dielectric. The water purifier further relates to a water purification system.

A gas treatment system includes a first scrubber, a regenerative catalytic oxidizer (RCO) that treats gas that passes through the first scrubber, a second scrubber that treats the gas that passed through the regenerative catalytic oxidizer, and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor that treats the gas that passed through the second scrubber. The regenerative catalytic oxidizer includes a two-bed regenerative catalytic reactor.

There is provided a dielectric barrier electrical discharge apparatus, system and method. The apparatus comprises at least two electrodes arranged in use to provide at least one anode and at least one cathode an electric field thereby being establishable therebetween, the at least two electrodes being separated to allow a fluid to be present between the electrodes in use. At least one of the electrodes has a dielectric portion connected to at least part of said electrode, and a sub-macroscopic structure is connected to at least one of the electrodes or dielectric portion.

A plasma source for generating a disinfecting and/or sterilizing gas mixture, including an ionization chamber having a dielectric tubular portion, an inflow port for feeding a gas or gas mixture into the chamber, an outflow port for exhausting the disinfecting and/or sterilizing gas mixture out of the chamber, a first electrode positioned inside the dielectric tubular portion, and a second electrode positioned outside the dielectric tubular portion. The plasma source has a high voltage source having a high voltage output terminal, wherein an electrical conductor connects the output terminal to the first or second electrode, and a forced gas cooling system for cooling the ionization chamber.

A surface treatment device includes a body and a plasma source disposed within the body. The plasma source includes a first inlet through the body and an ionization wave generator adjacent the first inlet to receive feedstock gas via the first inlet. The ionization wave generator includes a dielectric tube that necks down to define an elongated throat. The surface treatment device also includes a second inlet through the body and an expansion nozzle disposed within the body downstream of the second inlet. The second inlet is disposed at the elongated throat to provide further feedstock gas.

A plasma generator composed of a body of electrically conductive, ionizable material connected to conduct a current pulse and to be converted into a plasma that occupies a large volume in the ionosphere. A plasma generating system composed of a source of a high intensity current pulse and the plasma generator.