A method of severing a tubular structure can include producing a stream of plasma between a plasma arc cutter and the tubular structure, and displacing the plasma arc cutter relative to the tubular structure, thereby cutting through the tubular structure. A plasma arc cutting apparatus can include a transport vehicle, a boom extending from the transport vehicle, at least one plasma arc cutter, and at least one actuator that displaces the plasma arc cutter relative to the boom. Another method of severing a tubular structure can include conveying a plasma arc cutter to the tubular structure with a transport vehicle, and displacing the plasma arc cutter relative to the transport vehicle.

A method of severing a tubular structure can include producing a stream of plasma between a plasma arc cutter and the tubular structure, and displacing the plasma arc cutter relative to the tubular structure, thereby cutting through the tubular structure. A plasma arc cutting apparatus can include a transport vehicle, a boom extending from the transport vehicle, at least one plasma arc cutter, and at least one actuator that displaces the plasma arc cutter relative to the boom. Another method of severing a tubular structure can include conveying a plasma arc cutter to the tubular structure with a transport vehicle, and displacing the plasma arc cutter relative to the transport vehicle.

A plasma heater includes a plasma heating section, an exhaust wasteheat heating section, a gas circulation pump, a water cooling system, and a treatment tank for waste gas and waste water. Flames emitted by plasma torches of plasma generators are directly sprayed onto first water pipes for heating. Exhaust generated after combustion of the plasma torches flows through the tail gas residual heat heating section in the metal cylindrical casing, then flows out of the metal cylindrical casing to enter the gas circulation pump, and flows back into the plasma generators through the gas circulation pump for recycling. After the circulating exhaust operates for more than 10 minutes, the discharged waste gas and waste liquid enter the recovering treatment tank.

A plasma heater includes a plasma heating section, an exhaust wasteheat heating section, a gas circulation pump, a water cooling system, and a treatment tank for waste gas and waste water. Flames emitted by plasma torches of plasma generators are directly sprayed onto first water pipes for heating. Exhaust generated after combustion of the plasma torches flows through the tail gas residual heat heating section in the metal cylindrical casing, then flows out of the metal cylindrical casing to enter the gas circulation pump, and flows back into the plasma generators through the gas circulation pump for recycling. After the circulating exhaust operates for more than 10 minutes, the discharged waste gas and waste liquid enter the recovering treatment tank.

A device for generating an atmospheric plasma beam for treating the surface of a workpiece includes a tubular housing with an axis, an inner electrode within the housing, and a nozzle assembly with a nozzle opening for discharging a plasma beam to be generated in the housing. The direction of the nozzle opening runs at an angle relative to the axis, and the nozzle assembly can be rotated about the axis. By the aforementioned device, disadvantages are at least partly eliminated and uniform treatment of the surface is achieved in that a shield surrounds the nozzle assembly, and the shield is designed to change the intensity of the interaction of the plasma beam to be generated with the surface of the workpiece depending on the rotational angle of the nozzle assembly relative to the axis. Also provided are a system and method for treating the surface of a workpiece.

A device for generating an atmospheric plasma beam for treating the surface of a workpiece includes a tubular housing with an axis, an inner electrode within the housing, and a nozzle assembly with a nozzle opening for discharging a plasma beam to be generated in the housing. The direction of the nozzle opening runs at an angle relative to the axis, and the nozzle assembly can be rotated about the axis. By the aforementioned device, disadvantages are at least partly eliminated and uniform treatment of the surface is achieved in that a shield surrounds the nozzle assembly, and the shield is designed to change the intensity of the interaction of the plasma beam to be generated with the surface of the workpiece depending on the rotational angle of the nozzle assembly relative to the axis. Also provided are a system and method for treating the surface of a workpiece.

Methods of sequestering toxin particulates are described herein. In a primary processing chamber, a carbon source of toxin particulates may be combined with plasma from three plasma torches to form a first fluid mixture and vitrified toxin residue. Each torch may have a working gas including oxygen gas, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas. The vitrified toxin residue is removed. The first fluid mixture may be cooled in a first heat exchange device to form a second fluid mixture. The second fluid mixture may contact a wet scrubber. The final product from the wet scrubber may be used as a fuel product.

Methods of sequestering toxin particulates are described herein. In a primary processing chamber, a carbon source of toxin particulates may be combined with plasma from three plasma torches to form a first fluid mixture and vitrified toxin residue. Each torch may have a working gas including oxygen gas, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas. The vitrified toxin residue is removed. The first fluid mixture may be cooled in a first heat exchange device to form a second fluid mixture. The second fluid mixture may contact a wet scrubber. The final product from the wet scrubber may be used as a fuel product.

For continuously casting an ingot of titanium or titanium alloy, molten titanium or titanium alloy is poured into a top opening of a bottomless mold with a circular cross-sectional shape, the solidified molten metal in the mold is pulled downward from the mold, a plurality of plasma torches disposed on an upper side of molten metal in the mold such that their centers are located directly vertically above the molten metal in the mold, are operated to generate plasma arcs that heat the molten metal in the mold, and the plasma torches are moved in a horizontal direction above a melt surface of the molten metal in the mold, along a trajectory located directly vertically above the molten metal in the mold, while keeping a mutual distance between the respective plasma torches such that the plasma torches do not interfere with each other.

For continuously casting an ingot of titanium or titanium alloy, molten titanium or titanium alloy is poured into a top opening of a bottomless mold with a circular cross-sectional shape, the solidified molten metal in the mold is pulled downward from the mold, a plurality of plasma torches disposed on an upper side of molten metal in the mold such that their centers are located directly vertically above the molten metal in the mold, are operated to generate plasma arcs that heat the molten metal in the mold, and the plasma torches are moved in a horizontal direction above a melt surface of the molten metal in the mold, along a trajectory located directly vertically above the molten metal in the mold, while keeping a mutual distance between the respective plasma torches such that the plasma torches do not interfere with each other.