A substrate is disclosed. In an embodiment, a substrate includes a ceramic main body, an organic surface structure on at least one first outer face of the ceramic main body and outer redistribution layers integrated into the organic surface structure.

Disclosed is a printed circuit board including an overvoltage controlling element and an electronic device including the same. The printed circuit board includes a first outer layer, a second outer layer, at least one inner layer stacked between the first and second outer layers, an overvoltage controlling element comprising overvoltage controlling circuitry mounted on the first outer layer and including a plurality of terminals of which a first terminal is connected to a ground, and a conductive area configured to transfer at least a part of a first voltage applied from an external power source to an external IC and to transfer a remaining part of the first voltage to the overvoltage controlling element.

A substrate for a medical device, a portion of which is brought into contact with or inserted into a subject. The substrate includes a patient circuit conductively connected to the portion that is configured to be brought into contact with or inserted into the subject, and a ground-side circuit configured to perform at least one of transmission of a signal, reception of a signal, and supply of electric power on the patient circuit. The ground-side circuit is grounded by a protective ground to ensure safety of a manipulator of the medical device. The substrate also includes an insulating layer between the patient circuit and the ground-side circuit providing insulation between the patient circuit and the ground-side circuit, and an isolated circuit provided apart from the patient circuit and the ground-side circuit on the insulating layer and having a different reference potential from the patient circuit and the ground-side circuit.

An electronic component assembly is described which comprises a stack of electronic components wherein each electronic component comprises a face and external terminations. A component stability structure is attached to at least one face. A circuit board is provided wherein the circuit board comprises circuit traces arranged for electrical engagement with the external terminations. The component stability structure mechanically engages with the circuit board and inhibits the electronic device from moving relative to the circuit board.

Systems and apparatuses for electrically switching current include a first conductor formed of an electrically conductive material and having a first longitudinal axis; a second conductor formed of the electrically conductive material and having a second longitudinal axis; a set of switching components, each component selectively configured to electrically couple the first conductor to the second conductor; and a printed circuit board on which the first and second conductors are disposed. The width of the first conductor along the first longitudinal axis varies such that the current density in the first conductor is substantially constant along the first longitudinal axis and the width of the second conductor along the second longitudinal axis varies such that the current density in the second conductor is substantially constant along the second longitudinal axis.

Electrical transient materials are disclosed. Furthermore, methods to provide electrical transient materials are disclosed. In one implementation, an apparatus includes an electrical transient material; and conductive particles disposed in the electrical transient material, at least one or more of the conductive particles have an irregular shape.

A flexible printed circuit board according to an aspect of the present invention includes a base film having insulating properties and a conductive pattern laminated to one surface side of the base film. The conductive pattern forms part of a circuit and includes at least one fuse portion having a cross section smaller than the other part. The flexible printed circuit board includes at least one opening passing through front and rear surfaces on at least one of the right and left sides of the fuse portion in a two-dimensional view.

A motor control system for selectively controlling power from a power source to a load is provided. The motor control system includes at least one PCB structure and a plurality of protection and control components mounted onto the at least one PCB structure so as to be electrically coupled therewith. The plurality of protection and control components includes a power converter operable to provide a controlled output power to the load, a plurality of switching devices operable to selectively control power flow from the power source into the power converter and to bypass the power converter, and one or more protection devices configured to selectively interrupt current flow from the power source to the power converter during a fault condition. The motor control system also includes a housing enclosing the at least one PCB structure and the plurality of protection and control components.

An electrical power conditioning device for transmitting energy between a source and a load includes an inner conductor that extends within a grounded outer conductor. A low-pass filter extends between the inner and outer conductors and is designed to attenuate high frequency energy transmitted by the inner conductor. The low-pass filter includes at least one capacitor array which comprises multiple capacitor sectors mounted on a common a printed circuit board in a radial arrangement, each sector including a T-shaped configuration of ceramic capacitors to provide operational redundancy. Additionally, a voltage suppressor extends between the inner and outer conductor and suppresses transient voltages transmitted by the inner conductor. The suppressor includes a pair of printed circuit boards between which a plurality of diodes extend in a circular array around the inner conductor, the printed circuit boards electrically connecting the diodes in series to allow for higher overall pulse current capabilities.

Disclosed is a printed circuit board including an overvoltage controlling element and an electronic device including the same. The printed circuit board includes a first outer layer, a second outer layer, at least one inner layer stacked between the first and second outer layers, an overvoltage controlling element comprising overvoltage controlling circuitry mounted on the first outer layer and including a plurality of terminals of which a first terminal is connected to a ground, and a conductive area configured to transfer at least a part of a first voltage applied from an external power source to an external IC and to transfer a remaining part of the first voltage to the overvoltage controlling element.