A charge-transporting varnish which contains a charge-transporting substance containing fluorine atoms, a charge-transporting substance containing no fluorine atoms, a dopant substance composed of a heteropolyacid, and an organic solvent. The charge-transporting substance containing fluorine atoms is a polymer which is obtained by condensing a triaryl amine compound, an arylaldehyde compound containing fluorine atoms, a fluorene derivative having a carbonyl group and a carbazole derivative having an alkyl group or an alkyl group containing an ether structure in the N-position, and which has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000-200,000. The charge-transporting substance containing no fluorine atoms is an oligoaniline compound. A thin film formed from this charge-transporting varnish is capable of providing an organic EL element having excellent luminance characteristics and durability even in cases where the thin film is used as a single layer between a positive electrode and a light emitting layer in such a manner that the thin film is in contact with the positive electrode and the light emitting layer.

A mixed layer including: a matrix material; and a dopant composition, wherein the dopant composition is doped in the matrix material, the dopant composition comprises a first dopant and a second dopant, an amount by weight of the matrix material is greater than an amount by weight of the dopant composition in the mixed layer, the matrix material, the first dopant, and the second dopant are different from each other, the matrix material does not include a transition metal, the first dopant includes a transition metal, the mixed layer is a layer formed by deposition of the matrix material, the first dopant, and the second dopant, the mixed layer has a concentration profile of the dopant composition with respect to a thickness of the mixed layer, provided that T.sub.m1>T.sub.p>T.sub.m1+2 is satisfied, wherein T.sub.m1, T.sub.p, and T.sub.m1+2 are respectively as described herein.

A mixed layer including: a matrix material; and a dopant composition, wherein the dopant composition is doped in the matrix material, the dopant composition comprises a first dopant and a second dopant, an amount by weight of the matrix material is greater than an amount by weight of the dopant composition in the mixed layer, the matrix material, the first dopant, and the second dopant are different from each other, the matrix material does not include a transition metal, the first dopant includes a transition metal, the mixed layer is a layer formed by deposition of the matrix material, the first dopant, and the second dopant, the mixed layer has a concentration profile of the dopant composition with respect to a thickness of the mixed layer, provided that T.sub.m1>T.sub.p>T.sub.m1+2 is satisfied, wherein T.sub.m1, T.sub.p, and T.sub.m1+2 are respectively as described herein.

The organic small molecule 4,4′,4″,4′″-(5,5-dimethoxycyclopenta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyhenyl)aniline (CPDA 1), shows electrochemical properties very close to spiro-OMeTAD indicating a high compatibility with PSC systems for its use as a hole transport material (HTM). The implementation of the cyclopentadiene dimethyl acetale core helps to red shift the absorption onset of the films as well as provide a flexible spatial configuration of the molecule, which is essential for optimum film forming properties. Transient and steady state emission analysis as well as hole mobility measurements indicate that the new HTM allows a better charge extraction, transport and separation than the spiro-OMeTAD reference compound. PSCs based on the new CPDA 1 show a PCE close to 23% with lower hysteresis than its analogue. Stability studies performed under ambient, heated and humid conditions all showed that CPDA 1 is over-performing spiro-OMeTAD. Furthermore the production cost of CPDA 1 is about 10 times lower than that of spiro-OMeTAD, contributing to render PSCs more affordable.

There is disclosed a compound which is an N-heterocycle having at least one substituent of Formula I

##STR00001##

In Formula I: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 are the same or different and can be N or CR.sup.1; R.sup.1 is the same or different at each occurrence and can be H, D, CN, hydrocarbon aryl, heteroaryl, deuterated hydrocarbon aryl, or deuterated heteroaryl; and * represents a point of attachment to N in the N-heterocycle. In Formula I, at least one of Q1 through Q5 is N and at least one of Q1 through Q5 is C—CN.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.

The present disclosure relates to an organic compound, a light emitting diode and an organic light emitting diode display device using the same. The organic compound is represented by a following chemical formula 1.

##STR00001##

This organic compound has the advantages in the thermal stability, the emission property, the color purity, the hole transport property and the hole movement property, and thus the lifetime, the emission efficiency and the emission property of the LED using the same are improved.

The present disclosure relates to an organic compound having a fused aromatic or hetero aromatic ring including a carbazole or fluorene moiety and a group having excellent charge mobility property, and a light emitting diode and a light emitting device having the organic compound. The organic compound can be applied into the light emitting diode by using solution process and has very deep HOMO energy level. When the organic compound is applied into a chare transfer layer, a HOMO energy level bandgap between the charge transfer layer and an emitting material layer is reduced so that holes and electrons can be injected into the emitting material layer in a balanced manner.

A glazing comprising a luminous means with a substrate having a first main surface, to which a first electrode is applied, a second electrode, and an organic layer stack within an active region of the substrate between the first and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer stack comprises at least one organic layer which is suitable for generating light, wherein the luminous means is arranged between two glass plates of the glazing of a window. Also, storage furniture is disclosed comprising a storage element shaped in planar fashion and having at least one storage surface and at least one radiation-emitting component, and at least one holding apparatus for holding the storage element.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.