A cooling system including a heat spreader, an active cooling element, and a base is described. The heat spreader is in thermal communication with a heat-generating structure mounted on a substrate. The heat spreader over hangs the heat-generating structure. The active cooling element is in thermal communication with the heat spreader. The base supports the heat spreader and transfers a load from the heat spreader to the substrate such that a bending of the heat spreader does not exceed ten degrees.

Electrical connectors mountable on wheels are described. An electrical connector may include a sleeve sized for mounting on a barrel of a wheel. The sleeve defines one or more channels. The electrical connector may also include one or more hollow spokes mechanically coupled with the sleeve, and one or more electrical conductors. An electrical conductor extends from a portion of the sleeve corresponding to a bead seat region through the one or more channels and a hollow spoke for electrically coupling with an electrical module positioned on a tread region of a tire mounted on the wheel. Electrical devices including such electrical connectors and electrical devices including other electrical connectors are also described.

A vibration element includes: a base; a first arm continuous with the base; a second arm that is continuous with the base and is adjacent to the first arm; a first electrode disposed on the first arm, the second arm, and the base; a first piezoelectric layer that has a first polarity and that is disposed on the first electrode on the first arm; a second piezoelectric layer that has a second polarity different from the first polarity and that is disposed on the first electrode on the second arm; an insulating layer disposed on the first electrode on the base; and a second electrode disposed on the first piezoelectric layer, the second piezoelectric layer, and the insulating layer.

An actuating device includes an actuator and a stationary portion. The actuator has at least one driving portion. The stationary portion is provided at an arbitrary position along the actuator such that the driving portion forms a first driving portion and a second driving portion. The first driving portion and the second driving portion can be provided with the same actuating ability or with different actuating abilities respectively by adjusting the position of the stationary portion.

A display apparatus is disclosed. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a supporter attached to a rear surface of the display panel, and a piezoelectric vibration unit including a fixing portion attached to the supporter and a cantilever portion overhanging from the supporter.

Piezoelectric devices are described fabricated in packaging buildup layers. In one example, a package has a plurality of conductive routing layers and a plurality of organic dielectric layers between the conductive routing layers. A die attach area has a plurality of vias to connect to a microelectronic die, the vias connecting to respective conductive routing layers. A piezoelectric device is formed on an organic dielectric layer, the piezoelectric device having at least one electrode coupled to a conductive routing layer.

Provided is a piezoelectric thin film device in which lattice mismatch between a piezoelectric thin film and a lower electrode layer (first electrode layer) is reduced. A piezoelectric thin film device 10 comprises a first electrode layer 6a and a piezoelectric thin film 2 laminated directly on the first electrode layer 6a; the first electrode layer 6a includes an alloy composed of two or more metal elements; the first electrode layer 6a has a body-centered cubic lattice structure; and the piezoelectric thin film 2 has a wurtzite structure.

A solid-state quantum memory includes a vibrator supported in a displaceable (vibratable) manner on a substrate and a vibration exciter configured to excite the vibrator to vibrate. A rare-earth element is introduced into the vibrator and the introduced rare-earth element forms an electronic two-level system in the vibrator. The vibrator is supported on the substrate by a support. The substrate including a piezoelectric element formed from a piezoelectric material, as well as a first electrode and a second electrode formed by sandwiching the piezoelectric element, serves as the vibration exciter.

A piezoelectric actuator assembly is described. The assembly including a first layer including a top and a bottom surfaces. The assembly including a second layer having a top and a bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the second layer is disposed over the top surface of the first layer. The assembly including a third layer having a top and a bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the third layer is disposed over the top surface of the second layer. The assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode. The third electrode is configured to be shorter than the second electrode such that the active PZT length of the second layer and the third layer is shorter than the active PZT length of the first layer.

A thin film actuator having transversely oriented structural stiffeners that serve to increase actuation stroke that results from longitudinal curvature. The thin film actuator may be deployed within electromechanical devices such that an actuatable deflection of a tip of the actuator plate produces the actuation stroke. The thin film actuator may include an actuator plate affixed to a substantially rigid frame structure. The actuator plate protrudes along a longitudinal axis away from the frame structure such that the actuator plate is cantilevered from the frame structure by some distance along this longitudinal axis. The thin film actuator includes a piezoelectric film on a surface of the actuator plate. Activation of the piezoelectric film generates tensile stress or compressive stress at the surface, thereby inducing a bending moment that causes the actuator plate to undergo longitudinal curvature and some lesser degree of transverse curvature.