Provided is a semiconductor device including a substrate, a plurality of memory cells, and at least one dummy gate structure. The substrate has a memory cell region and a dummy region. The memory cells are disposed on the substrate in the memory cell region. Each memory cell includes: adjacent two stack structures disposed on the substrate; two select gates respectively disposed outside the adjacent two stack structures; and an erase gate disposed between the adjacent two stack structures. The erase gate has a step between a topmost top surface and a lowermost top surface of the erase gate. The at least one dummy gate structure is disposed on the substrate in the dummy region.

A microelectronic device is formed by forming at least a portion of a substrate of the microelectronic device by one or more additive processes. The additive processes may be used to form semiconductor material of the substrate. The additive processes may also be used to form dielectric material structures or electrically conductive structures, such as metal structures, of the substrate. The additive processes are used to form structures of the substrate which would be costly or impractical to form using planar processes. In one aspect, the substrate may include multiple doped semiconductor elements, such as wells or buried layers, having different average doping densities, or depths below a component surface of the substrate. In another aspect, the substrate may include dielectric isolation structures with semiconductor material extending at least partway over and under the dielectric isolation structures. Other structures of the substrate are disclosed.

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for an array of vertically stacked memory cells having horizontally oriented access devices and storage nodes. The horizontally oriented access devices having a first source/drain regions and a second source drain regions separated by epitaxially grown channel regions. Gates opposing the channel regions formed fully around every surface of the channel region as gate all around (GAA) structures separated from a channel regions by a gate dielectrics. The memory cells have horizontally oriented storage nodes coupled to the second source/drain regions and digit lines coupled to the first source/drain regions.

A shallow trench isolation (STI) structure and method of fabrication includes a two-step epitaxial growth process. A trench larger than the target STI structure is etched into a semiconductor substrate, a first layer of un-doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown in the trench to provide an STI structure having a target depth and a critical dimension, and a second layer of doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the first layer, said second layer filling the trench and forming a protrusion above the front-side of the semiconductor substrate.

The present disclosure, in some embodiments, relates to a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The SOI substrate includes a dielectric layer disposed over a first substrate. The dielectric layer has an outside edge aligned with an outside edge of the first substrate. An active layer covers a first annular portion of an upper surface of the dielectric layer. The upper surface of the dielectric layer has a second annular portion that surrounds the first annular portion and extends to the outside edge of the dielectric layer. The second annular portion is uncovered by the active layer.

Embodiments herein disclose a method providing deposition of Gadolinium Oxide (Gd.sub.2O.sub.3) on a semiconductor substrate. The method comprises of selecting, in an RF-sputter system, a predefined substrate and depositing, in an Ar-plasma struck, the Gd.sub.2O.sub.3, over the predefined substrate to obtain a layer of the Gd.sub.2O.sub.3 over the predefined substrate. The Gd.sub.2O.sub.3 is grown epitaxially over the predefined substrate. The method further provides performing, annealing, of the layer of the Gd.sub.2O.sub.3 over the predefined substrate at a predefined temperature for a predefined time and obtaining, a layer of the Gd.sub.2O.sub.3, over the predefined substrate. Embodiment also provides a method for fabricating Semiconductor on Insulator Substrate (SIS).

A shallow trench isolation (STI) structure and method of fabrication includes a two-step epitaxial growth process. A trench larger than the target STI structure is etched into a semiconductor substrate, a first layer of un-doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown in the trench to provide an STI structure having a target depth and a critical dimension, and a second layer of doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the first layer, said second layer filling the trench and forming a protrusion above the front-side of the semiconductor substrate.

A tunable amorphous silicon layer for use with multilayer patterning stacks can be used to maximize transparency and minimize reflections so as to improve overlay metrology contrast. By increasing the hydrogen content in the amorphous silicon layer, the extinction coefficient (k) value and the refractive index (n) value can be decreased to desired values. Methods for improving overlay metrology contrast with the tunable amorphous silicon layer are disclosed.

A semiconductor structure includes a substrate having a first dielectric constant, a porous semiconductor layer situated over the substrate, and a crystalline epitaxial layer situated over the porous semiconductor layer. A first semiconductor device is situated in the crystalline epitaxial layer. The porous semiconductor layer has a second dielectric constant that is substantially less than the first dielectric constant such that the porous semiconductor layer reduces signal leakage from the first semiconductor device. The semiconductor structure can include a second semiconductor device situated in the crystalline epitaxial layer, and an electrical isolation region separating the first and second semiconductor devices.

A method of forming a semiconductor structure is provided. The method includes etching a trench in a template layer over a substrate, forming a seed structure over a bottom surface of the trench, forming a dielectric cap over the seed structure, and growing a single crystal semiconductor structure within the trench using a vapor liquid solid epitaxy growth process. The single crystal semiconductor structure is grown from a liquid-solid interface between the seed structure and the bottom surface of the trench.