An optical system operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range identifies an object based on water absorption. The system comprises a light source with modulated light emitting diodes operating at wavelengths near 1090 and 1440 nanometers, corresponding to lower and higher water absorption. The system further comprises one or more wavelength selective filters and a housing that is further coupled to an electrical circuit and a processor. The detection system comprises photodetectors that are synchronized to the light source, and the detection system receives at least a portion of light reflected from the object. The system is configured to identify the object by comparing the reflected light at the first and second wavelength to generate an output value, and then comparing the output value to a threshold. The optical system may be further coupled to a wearable device or a remote sensing system with a time-of-flight sensor.

Systems and methods for spectral analysis of a tissue mass using an instrument, an optical probe, and a Monte Carlo algorithm or a diffusion algorithm are provided. According to one method, an instrument is inserted into a tissue mass. A fiber optic probe is applied via the instrument into the tissue mass. Turbid spectral data of the tissue mass is measured using the fiber probe. The turbid spectral data is converted to absorption, scattering, and/or intrinsic fluorescence spectral data via a Monte Carlo algorithm or diffusion algorithm. Biomarker concentrations in the tissue mass are quantified using the absorption, scattering, and/or intrinsic fluorescence spectral data.

An elongated device and a system that at the same time allow acquisition of temperature-related data of high spatial and temporal resolution from hollow structures together with other relevant data of physical or chemical variables. In a preferred embodiment infrared or visible light sensors are used to obtain thermal or color images from the inner surface during imposed change of the temperature in the lumen of the hollow structure. The disclosure makes it possible to evaluate thermal variations when the inner surface returns to pre-change thermal conditions. High-resolution data can be obtained with the disclosure. The disclosure further includes a system with rotators, injection pumps, a control unit and display operably coupled to one or more of the data acquisition and processing system.

The subject matter discloses a multi-sensor endoscope having a dynamic field of view comprising an elongated shaft terminating with a tip section; a maneuvering section connected to the elongated shaft; at least two sensors, wherein at least one sensor is placed behind the tip section, on the maneuvering section; and one or more illuminators located on external surface of the shaft. In some cases, the sensors include a camera. The subject matter also discloses a multi-sensor endoscopy system comprising an endoscope comprising a handle and a controller, such that the maneuvering section is controlled by the controller.

An optical coherence tomographic (OCT) system includes a sample arm, a reference arm and an OCT probe. The probe irradiates a bodily lumen and a fluid contained within the bodily lumen with light of a sample beam transmitted through a double-clad fiber (DCF). A first detector detects light of a reference beam and light reflected from the bodily lumen and propagated through the core of the DCF to generate OCT interference signals. Light backscattered by the bodily lumen and by the fluid contained in the bodily lumen is propagated through a cladding of the DCF and detected by a second detector to generate an intensity signal. A processor analyzes the intensity signal, and triggers a pullback of the probe and initiates recording of OCT images of the bodily lumen in response to the intensity the backscattered light reaching a predetermined threshold value.

A surgical access assembly comprises a trocar and a surgical instrument. The trocar comprises a housing and an access tube extending distally from the housing. The housing comprises a hollow light emitter. The housing and the access tube define a lumen extending through the housing and the access tube. The hollow light emitter is configured to project light in the lumen. The surgical instrument comprises an end effector and a shaft extending proximally from the end effector. The shaft comprises an optical receiver positioned within reach of the light from the hollow light emitter. The shaft further comprises a light guide extending from the optical receiver along at least a portion of the shaft toward the end effector.

Examples of a spectroscopy probe for performing measurements of Raman spectra, reflectance spectra and fluorescence spectra are disclosed. The integrated spectral probe can comprise one or more light sources to provide a white light illumination to generate reflectance spectra, an excitation light to generate an UV/visible fluorescence spectra and a narrow band NIR excitation to induce Raman spectra. The multiple modalities of spectral measurements can be performed within 2 seconds or less. Examples of methods of operating the integrated spectroscopy probe disclosed.

The present invention relates to a device for observing a sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a human body. More particularly, the present invention relates to a device for observing an SLN by detecting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence caused by a fluorescent material such as indocyanine green (ICG) at the SLN and a method for detecting NIR fluorescence at an SLN. Particularly, in the implementation of a composite image obtained by reproducing a fluorescent material such as ICG and NIR fluorescence emitted by excitation light together with a visible light image, it is possible to detect an SLN with high accuracy through a color contrast method and/or a temporal modulation method using an NIR fluorescence image signal and a visible reflection light image signal.

An endoscope includes a four color separation prism having a first color separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism, and a fourth color separation prism which respectively separate light incident from an affected area into a blue, red and green color components, and an IR component, first, second, third and fourth color image sensors, and a signal output. The first color separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism, and the fourth color separation prism are sequentially disposed from an object side when receiving the light incident from the affected area. The first color image sensor is disposed opposite to the second color image sensor and the third color image sensor across an incident ray which is incident vertically to an object side incident surface of the first color separation prism.

Devices for localizing an intracerebral hematoma or blood mass in brain tissue. The devices include an elongate probe a color sensors and a light emitter on the distal end of the probe. The color sensors produce a signal corresponding to the color of light reflected into the color sensors. A display is provided to indicate the color detected.