A composition of matter having a coated silicon substrate with multiple alternating layers of polydopamine and polyallylamine bound copper-indium-gallium oxide (CIGO) nanoparticles on the substrate. A related composition of matter having polyallylamine bound to CIGO nanoparticles to form PAH-coated CIGO nanoparticles. A related CIGO thin film made via conversion of layer-by-layer assembled CIGO nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes. CIGO nanoparticles are created via a flame-spray pyrolysis method using metal nitrate precursors, subsequently coated with polyallylamine (PAH), and dispersed in aqueous solution. Multilayer films are assembled by alternately dipping a substrate into a solution of either polydopamine or polystyrenesulfonate and then in the CIGO-PAH dispersion to fabricate CIGO films as thick as 1-2 microns.

The present disclosure relates to electrical connections between shingled solar cells in a solar cell assembly. More particularly, the present disclosure describes the use of low temperature metallic interconnects that reduce resistivity between solar cells and assembly time. In an aspect, an assembly of shingled solar cells is described that includes a first solar cell having an insulating film on a back side, the insulating film having vias that expose a back metal layer of the first solar cell, and a second solar cell having a bus bar on a front side. In this assembly, the back metal layer of the first solar cell is electrically connected to the bus bar of the second solar cell through multiple electrical connections formed by low temperature solder that fills the vias in the insulating film of the first solar cell. A method of fabricating or manufacturing the assembly is also described.

Provided are a photoelectric chip, a manufacturing method and an installation method, which relate to the field of optical communication and transmission technologies. The chip is provided with a light-splitting groove (3), and the light-splitting groove (3) runs through an absorption layer (2) of the chip; the back of the chip is a light-entering side; the light-splitting groove (3) is configured to transmit and split out part (151) of incident light (15), and the other part (152) of the incident light (15) enters the absorption layer (2) for photovoltaic conversion. The photoelectric chip can split light and monitor optical power of the incident light.

Embodiments of the invention generally relates to photovoltaic, thermophotovoltaic, and laser power beaming devices which convert solar light, thermal radiation, or laser radiation into electric power. Said devices have a reflective interference “greenhouse” filter placed in front of a semiconductor cell and a reflective mirror on the back of the cell. The front filter is transparent for high energy (short wavelength) photons, but traps low energy (long wavelength) photons emitted by photocarriers accumulated near the semiconductor bandgap. In the optimized PV device, the chemical potential of photoelectrons near semiconductor bandgap exceeds the chemical potential of photoelectrons above the photonic bandgap established by the filter (i.e., the device is in chemical nonequilibrium). The greenhouse filter reduces the emission losses, decreases the semiconductor cell thickness, and provides PV conversion with reduced nonradiative losses. Said device converts radiative energy into electricity in a more efficient way than conventional cells.

A method of producing a photovoltaic cell having a cover, comprising the steps of: providing a photovoltaic cell which comprises a crystalline silicon substrate; providing a transparent substrate; forming an antireflective coating on said transparent substrate to provide a coated transparent substrate; and covering the photovoltaic cell with said coated transparent substrate. The antireflective coating is a hybrid organic-inorganic material having an inorganic portion comprising silicon, oxygen and carbon, and further comprising an organic portion with organic groups connected to the inorganic portion. Methods of producing solar panels, coated glass substrates as well as antireflection coatings are disclosed as well as novel compositions of hybrid organic-inorganic materials.

A semiconductor device including pixels arranged in a matrix of n rows and m columns, in which the pixels in the m-th column are shielded from light, is provided.

Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The solar cell includes a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, a second electrode on the first electrode, and at least one semiconductor layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, and a first connection layer interposed between the first electrode and the semiconductor layer and electrically connecting the first and second electrodes to each other. The first connection layer includes a plurality of two-dimensional layers vertically extending from a top surface of the first electrode to a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer. The two-dimensional layers include a metal compound.

Methods and apparatus form a photon absorber layer of a photodiode with characteristics conducive to applications such as, but not limited to, image sensors and the like. The absorber layer uses a copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) material with a gallium mole fraction of approximately 35% to approximately 70% to control the absorbed wavelengths while reducing dark current. Deposition temperatures of the absorber layer are controlled to less than approximately 400 degrees Celsius to produce sub-micron grain sizes. The absorber layer is doped with antimony at a temperature of less than approximately 400 degrees Celsius to increase the absorption.

A zinc magnesium oxide material includes at least two composite thin film layers. An atomic ratio of Zn element to Mg element in each of the at least two composite thin film layers is different from an atomic ratio of Zn element to Mg element in each of at least one remaining composite thin film layer of the at least two composite thin film layers.

Disclosed a precursor compound for producing a photoactive layer of a thin film solar cell that may be used as a precursor of a CIS, CGS or CIGS thin film that may be used as a photoactive layer of a solar cell, and a production method thereof. The precursor compound is represented by a following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001## wherein, in the Chemical Formula 1, X represents indium (In) or gallium (Ga), Y represents chlorine (Cl) or iodine (I), each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently represents a methyl group, a propyl group or an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.