A solar cell having a P-type silicon substrate wherein one main surface is a light-receiving surface and another is a backside, a plurality of back surface electrodes formed on a part of the backside, an N-type layer in at least a part of the light-receiving surface, and contact areas in which the substrate contacts the electrodes; wherein the P-type silicon substrate is a silicon substrate doped with gallium and has a resistivity of 2.5 Ω.Math.cm or less; and a back surface electrode pitch P.sub.rm [mm] of the plurality of electrodes and the resistivity R.sub.sub [Ω.Math.cm] of the substrate satisfy the relation represented by the following formula (1). This provides a solar cell and a solar cell module having excellent conversion efficiency with resistance loss being prevented, with the solar cell using a substrate the light-induced degradation of which is eliminated.

log(R.sub.sub)≦−log(P.sub.m)+1.0   (1).

The present invention provides a method of hydrogenating a solar cell and a device thereof. The device includes a chamber, a moving device, and a light-beam generator. The light-beam generated by the light-beam generator has a power density between 20 W/cm2 and 200 W/cm2 and a width between 1 mm and 156 mm. The light-beam scans a solar cell with a scanning speed between 50 mm/sec and 200 mm/sec to achieve hydrogenating the solar cell. Furthermore, the device includes a heating device used to heat the solar cell.

The present disclosure provides a method for recovering the efficacy of solar cell modules and a device thereof. The method includes providing a solar cell module and scanning the solar cell module with a light-beam. The light-beam has a power density between 20 W/cm.sup.2 and 200 W/cm.sup.2, a width between 1 mm and 156 mm. The light-beam scans a solar cell module with a scanning speed between 50 mm/sec and 200 mm/sec. Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides a portable device for recovering the efficacy of solar cell modules. The portable device includes two types such as placed type and hand-held type. The aforementioned devices can perform a hydrogenating process on solar cell modules to improve the degree of light-induced degradation (LID) so as to improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cell modules.

A method for manufacturing a solar cell having a P-type silicon substrate wherein one main surface is a light-receiving surface and another is a backside, a plurality of back surface electrodes formed on a part of the backside, an N-type layer in at least a part of the light-receiving surface, and contact areas in which the substrate contacts the electrodes; wherein the P-type silicon substrate is a silicon substrate doped with gallium and has a resistivity of 2.5 Ω.Math.cm or less; and a back surface electrode pitch P.sub.rm [mm] of contact areas in which the P-type silicon substrate is in contact with the back surface electrodes and the resistivity R.sub.sub [Ω.Math.cm] of the substrate satisfy the relation represented by the following formula (1).
log(R.sub.sub)≤−log(P.sub.rm)+1.0  (1)

A method for treating a stack includes a substrate of n-doped crystalline silicon and a passivation layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon disposed on a face of the substrate, the method including exposing the stack to electromagnetic radiation during a treatment period (t) less than or equal to 12 s, the electromagnetic radiation having an irradiance (E) greater than or equal to 200 kW/m.sup.2.

Provided is an apparatus that can check in real time a process of removing light induced degradation using precise carrier injection through an AC power supply device (power unit). An apparatus for reduction of light induced degradation with carrier injection includes: a housing in which high-temperature heat treatment is performed on a solar battery cell; a heating unit that is formed in the housing, on which the solar battery cell is seated, and that heats the solar battery cell; a jig unit that is formed in the housing and fixes the solar battery cell to the heating unit by pressing the solar battery cell seated on the heating unit; an LED array unit that has a plurality of LED light sources and radiates light to the solar battery cell; and a driving unit that is coupled to the jig unit and the LED array unit and rotates the jig unit or the LED array unit.

A solar cell having a P-type silicon substrate where one main surface is a light-receiving surface and another is a backside, a plurality of back surface electrodes formed on a part of the backside, an N-type layer in at least a part of the light-receiving surface, and contact areas in which the substrate contacts the electrodes. The P-type silicon substrate is a silicon substrate doped with gallium and has a resistivity of 2.5 .Math.cm or less; and a back surface electrode pitch P.sub.rm [mm] of contact areas in which the P-type silicon substrate is in contact with the back surface electrodes and the resistivity R.sub.sub [.Math.cm] of the substrate satisfy the relation represented by the following formula (1).

log(R.sub.sub)log(P.sub.rm)+1.0(1)

Provided is an apparatus that can check in real time a process of removing light induced degradation using precise carrier injection through an AC power supply device (power unit). An apparatus for reduction of light induced degradation with carrier injection includes: a housing in which high-temperature heat treatment is performed on a solar battery cell; a heating unit that is formed in the housing, on which the solar battery cell is seated, and that heats the solar battery cell; a jig unit that is formed in the housing and fixes the solar battery cell to the heating unit by pressing the solar battery cell seated on the heating unit; an LED array unit that has a plurality of LED light sources and radiates light to the solar battery cell; and a driving unit that is coupled to the jig unit and the LED array unit and rotates the jig unit or the LED array unit.

The invention relates to a method for stabilizing a photovoltaic silicon solar cell, including a regeneration step in which a semiconductor substrate of the solar cell which are heated to at least 50 C. is injected with charge carriers. The invention is characterized in that a degradation step is carried out before the regeneration step, wherein the solar cell is subjected to radiation, in particular laser radiation, having an illumination intensity of at least 5.000 W/m2 and the solar cell is simultaneously cooled. The invention also relates to a device for stabilizing a photovoltaic silicon solar cell.

A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming a photoelectric converter including an amorphous semiconductor layer, forming an electrode connected to the photoelectric converter, and performing a post-treatment by providing light to the photoelectric converter and the electrode, wherein, in the performing of the post-treatment, a plasma lighting system (PLS) is used as a light source, and a processing temperature is within a range from about 100 C. to about 300 C.