A method of forming a photovoltaic product with a plurality of photovoltaic cells is disclosed. The method comprises depositing a stack with first and second electrode layers (12, 16) and a photovoltaic layer (14) arranged in between. The method comprises partitioning the stack. The partitioning includes forming a trench (20) extending through the second electrode layer and the photovoltaic layer to expose the first electrode layer. The stack is first irradiated with a laser beam with a first spotsize and with a first wavelength for which the photovoltaic layer has a relatively high absorption coefficient as compared to that of the second electrode layer. The stack is then irradiated with a second laser beam with a second spotsize, greater than the first spotsize, and with a second wavelength for which the photovoltaic layer has a relatively low absorption coefficient as compared to that of the second electrode layer.

A method of forming a photovoltaic product with a plurality of photovoltaic cells is disclosed. The method comprises depositing a stack with first and second electrode layers (12, 16) and a photovoltaic layer (14) arranged in between. The method comprises partitioning the stack. The partitioning includes forming a trench (20) extending through the second electrode layer and the photovoltaic layer to expose the first electrode layer. The stack is first irradiated with a laser beam with a first spotsize and with a first wavelength for which the photovoltaic layer has a relatively high absorption coefficient as compared to that of the second electrode layer. The stack is then irradiated with a second laser beam with a second spotsize, greater than the first spotsize, and with a second wavelength for which the photovoltaic layer has a relatively low absorption coefficient as compared to that of the second electrode layer.

Provided is a method of fabricating a see-through thin film solar cell, the method including preparing a substrate including a molybdenum (Mo) layer on one surface, forming see-through patterns by selectively removing at least parts of the Mo layer, sequentially depositing a chalcogenide absorber layer, a buffer layer, and a transparent electrode layer on the substrate and the Mo layer including the see-through patterns, and forming a see-through array according to a shape of the see-through patterns by removing the chalcogenide absorber layer, the buffer layer, and the transparent electrode layer deposited on the see-through patterns, by irradiating a laser beam from under the substrate toward the transparent electrode layer.

A photovoltaic device (1) with a plurality of photovoltaic modules (1A, IB, . . . , IF), is disclosed herein comprising a stack with a primary electrode layer (12), a secondary electrode layer (16) and a photovoltaic layer (14) arranged between said primary and said secondary electrode layer, at least one of the electrode layers being translucent, the photovoltaic layer (14) at least comprising a first sublayer of a photovoltaic material and a second, charge carrier transport sublayer between said first sublayer and said secondary electrode layer. An serial electrical interconnection between mutually subsequent photovoltaic modules (IB, 1C) is provided by a coupling element of insulating material laterally enclosing an electrically conducting core (17BC) provided in the interface section between the mutually subsequent photovoltaic modules. Therewith a lifetime of the photovoltaic material is improved.

A method for producing in a roll-to-roll process modules of thin film photovoltaic cells in a substrate film, the modules including the substrate with a photovoltaic layer inbetween a lower and upper electrode layer, by using an apparatus including a belt conveyor, and scribe and print stations arranged at respective positions along a transport direction of the belt conveyor to create an interconnection structure between the photovoltaic cells including an arrangement of structural elements having one or more conductive and isolating scribe lines and a conductive body connecting adjacent thin film photovoltaic cells. The method includes: creating by the processing stations, the interconnection structure in the moving substrate film; measuring the structural elements and determining parameters of each structural element; based on the parameters establishing a positioning error, associated with a functional defect; based on the error, correcting settings of one or more processing stations and/or the belt conveyor.

A method for producing in a roll-to-roll process modules of thin film photovoltaic cells in a substrate film, the modules including the substrate with a photovoltaic layer inbetween a lower and upper electrode layer, by using an apparatus including a belt conveyor, and scribe and print stations arranged at respective positions along a transport direction of the belt conveyor to create an interconnection structure between the photovoltaic cells including an arrangement of structural elements having one or more conductive and isolating scribe lines and a conductive body connecting adjacent thin film photovoltaic cells. The method includes: creating by the processing stations, the interconnection structure in the moving substrate film; measuring the structural elements and determining parameters of each structural element; based on the parameters establishing a positioning error, associated with a functional defect; based on the error, correcting settings of one or more processing stations and/or the belt conveyor.

An electronic device includes a substrate, a plurality of electronic components and a conductive material. The electronic components are arranged on the substrate, and the electronic components respectively include a lower electrode, a semiconductor layer and an upper electrode, and they are sequentially stacked on the substrate. The electronic components share the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer forms a plurality of connecting channels through the semiconductor layer. The connecting channels are located between the upper electrode of the first electronic component in the electronic components and the lower electrode of the second electronic component in the electronic components. These connecting channels are processed by lasers of different powers. The conductive material is arranged in the connecting channel so that the upper electrode of the first electronic component is electrically connected to the lower electrode of the second electronic component.

The present disclosure relates to a method of patterning a thin-film photovoltaic layer stack (20), the method comprising the steps of:—providing of a continuous layer stack (20), the layer stack (20) comprising a planar substrate (21), a first electrode layer (22) on the substrate (21) and a photovoltaic layer (24) on the electrode layer (22),—immersing the layer stack (20) into an electrically conductive solution (40),—applying a bias voltage between the electrolyte solution (40) and the first electrode layer (22) and—converting of a first material (51, 53) or a first material composition provided in at least a first portion (50, 52, 54) of the layer stack (20) into a first reaction product (56) by an electrochemical reaction, wherein the first reaction product (56) has an electrical conductivity that is lower than an electrical conductivity of the first material (51, 53) or first material composition, or—removing a first material (51, 53) or a first material composition provided in at least a first portion (50, 52, 54) of the layer stack (20) by an electrochemical reaction.

The present disclosure relates to a method of patterning a thin-film photovoltaic layer stack (20), the method comprising the steps of:—providing of a continuous layer stack (20), the layer stack (20) comprising a planar substrate (21), a first electrode layer (22) on the substrate (21) and a photovoltaic layer (24) on the electrode layer (22),—immersing the layer stack (20) into an electrically conductive solution (40),—applying a bias voltage between the electrolyte solution (40) and the first electrode layer (22) and—converting of a first material (51, 53) or a first material composition provided in at least a first portion (50, 52, 54) of the layer stack (20) into a first reaction product (56) by an electrochemical reaction, wherein the first reaction product (56) has an electrical conductivity that is lower than an electrical conductivity of the first material (51, 53) or first material composition, or—removing a first material (51, 53) or a first material composition provided in at least a first portion (50, 52, 54) of the layer stack (20) by an electrochemical reaction.

Disclosed herein are methods for using cracked film lithography (CFL) for patterning transparent conductive metal grids. CFL can be vacuum- and Ag-free, and it forms more durable grids than nanowire approaches.