An electronic device includes a dial, a module and a solar panel. The module is arranged under the dial and including a circular polarization antenna which includes a power feed point and a radiating electrode. The solar panel is arranged between the dial and the module and has an area corresponding to an area of the dial in a face direction thereof. The solar panel is constituted by a plurality of solar cells including a solar cell that has a light receiving surface arranged at a position corresponding to the radiating electrode.

A flexible substrate material having opposed front and back sides and extending in an X-Y plane, the front side being provided with a first electrode layer and further provided with at least one thin film to form at least one thin film device stack; the thin film device stack extending from the X-Y plane in a Z direction perpendicular to the X-Y plane to a distance T; the substrate material having at least one protective structure applied to at least one of the substrate material sides, the first electrode layer and the at least one thin film; the at least one protective structure extending in the Z direction to a distance S from the X-Y plane, the distance S being greater than the distance T.

A solar antenna array may comprise an array of antennas that may capture and convert sunlight into electrical power. Methods for constructing the solar antenna array may initially use range of semiconductor processing steps to minimize development costs, and may subsequently use a combination of stamps and low cost materials to reduce manufacturing costs. Designs may be optimized for capturing a broad spectrum of visible light and non-polarized light. Continuous flow Fabrication and Testing is also described.

A solar antenna array may comprise an array of antennas that may capture and convert sunlight into electrical power. Methods for constructing the solar antenna array may initially use range of semiconductor processing steps to minimize development costs, and may subsequently use a combination of stamps and low cost materials to reduce manufacturing costs. Designs may be optimized for capturing a broad spectrum of visible light and non-polarized light. Continuous flow Fabrication and Testing is also described.

A solar antenna array may comprise an array of carbon nanotube antennas that may capture and convert sunlight into electrical power. A method for constructing the solar antenna array from a glass top down to an aluminum covered plastic bottom such that light passing through the glass top and/or reflected off the aluminum bottom both may be captured by the antennas sandwiched between. Techniques for patterning the glass to further direct the light toward the antennas and techniques for continuous flow fabrication and testing are also described.

A solar antenna array may comprise an array of carbon nanotube antennas that may capture and convert sunlight into electrical power. A method for constructing the solar antenna array from a glass top down to aluminum over a plastic bottom such that light passing through the glass top and/or reflected off the aluminum both may be captured by the antennas sandwiched between. Techniques for patterning the glass to further direct the light toward the antennas and techniques for continuous flow fabrication and testing are also described.

A photovoltaic module and a method for producing such modules is presented in which the resistance of the interconnects between neighboring photovoltaic cells is minimized and the dead-area is also minimized. This is achieved by routing the interconnects, in form of a finger, from a top contact of a first photovoltaic cell to a bottom contact of a second photovoltaic cell. The interconnect is isolated from the bottom contact of the first photovoltaic cell by means of the photovoltaic stack and the interconnect is connected to the bottom contact of the second photovoltaic cell in an opening of the photovoltaic stack.

A photovoltaic module and a method for producing such modules is presented in which the resistance of the interconnects between neighboring photovoltaic cells is minimized and the dead-area is also minimized. This is achieved by routing the interconnects, in form of a finger, from a top contact of a first photovoltaic cell to a bottom contact of a second photovoltaic cell. The interconnect is isolated from the bottom contact of the first photovoltaic cell by means of the photovoltaic stack and the interconnect is connected to the bottom contact of the second photovoltaic cell in an opening of the photovoltaic stack.

A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a back electrode layer on a support substrate; a first through hole dividing the back electrode layer into a plurality of back electrodes; a first contact pattern in the back electrode layer; a light absorbing layer formed on the back electrode layer and including a second contact pattern on the first contact pattern; and a front electrode layer on the light absorbing layer.

A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a back electrode layer on a support substrate; a first through hole dividing the back electrode layer into a plurality of back electrodes; a first contact pattern in the back electrode layer; a light absorbing layer formed on the back electrode layer and including a second contact pattern on the first contact pattern; and a front electrode layer on the light absorbing layer.