Systems, devices, and methods for obtaining fractional flow reserve in the presence of a catheter. In a method of determining a fractional flow reserve in the presence of a catheter, the method comprises the steps of obtaining measurements of an inner luminal organ diameter proximal to, at, and distal to a stenosis and a length of the stenosis, obtaining a pressure drop measurement at the stenosis, calculating a volumetric flow of fluid through the inner luminal organ at the stenosis, and determining a stenotic pressure drop at the stenosis corresponding to dimensions of the guidewire as a function of the calculated volumetric flow of fluid through the inner luminal organ at the stenosis, wherein the stenotic pressure drop is indicative of a fractional flow reserve at or near the stenosis.

A method of monitoring a fluid injection procedure is provided. The method includes: disposing a sensor on a catheter, where the sensor is in proximity to a tip of the catheter; inserting at least the tip of the catheter into a patient; delivering a fluid to a location within the patient via the tip of the catheter; and automatically monitoring a sensor signal from the sensor while the fluid is being delivered. Reflux end-point detection using an electrical impedance sensor has been demonstrated in a phantom. Applications include embolotherapy and angiography.

A quick-connector for use with an autoretroperfusion and hypothermia system and methods of using the connector. The connector comprises a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, a coolant reservoir, a blood lumen outlet, a blood lumen inlet, and a blood lumen, whereby the coolant outlet is configured to accept a cooling product from the reservoir, the reservoir is configured to accept cooling product from the coolant inlet. Flowing blood powered by the patient's heart may enter the connector through the blood lumen inlet, travel through the blood lumen while being cooled by cooling product in the reservoir, and leave the connector through the blood lumen outlet. The temperature of blood leaving the connector can be measured at the blood lumen outlet. Catheters can be attached to the blood lumen inlet and blood lumen outlet to receive and send blood, respectively. A cooling system can be attached to the coolant inlet and coolant outlet to provide a source of cooling product.

A quick-connector for use with an autoretroperfusion and hypothermia system and methods of using the connector. The connector comprises a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, a coolant reservoir, a blood lumen outlet, a blood lumen inlet, and a blood lumen, whereby the coolant outlet is configured to accept a cooling product from the reservoir, the reservoir is configured to accept cooling product from the coolant inlet. Flowing blood powered by the patient's heart may enter the connector through the blood lumen inlet, travel through the blood lumen while being cooled by cooling product in the reservoir, and leave the connector through the blood lumen outlet. The temperature of blood leaving the connector can be measured at the blood lumen outlet. Catheters can be attached to the blood lumen inlet and blood lumen outlet to receive and send blood, respectively. A cooling system can be attached to the coolant inlet and coolant outlet to provide a source of cooling product.

The present application provides an electrode catheter system, comprising an interventional catheter for intervening to one side of an artery blood vessel and provided with an electrode element that can release an electrical signal toward an inner wall of a renal artery blood vessel; a pressure sensor for intervening to an artery blood vessel; and a data processing module, connected with the pressure sensor. The electrode element releases an electrical signal toward the inner wall of the renal artery vessel, and then the pressure sensor monitors a blood pressure change in the renal artery vessel at the other side. A data processing module processes the data monitored by the pressure sensor and determines the blood pressure change, and an activity degree of the nerve can be determined by measuring a signal such as the blood pressure of the human body, so as to screen out the patients with an overactive sympathetic nerve, and a surgical effect of a denervation surgery can also be evaluated before or after the surgery, and can be used to determine whether to perform an ultrasonic ablation again.

Systems and methods for locating a medical device in a body lumen are provided. A first flexible elongate instrument comprises a plurality of imaging markers, and a location information sensor is disposed at the first flexible elongate instrument or at a second flexible elongate instrument configured for relative movement with respect to the first flexible elongate instrument. A processor is configured to establish a reference coordinate system based on the plurality of imaging markers, which are visible in a medical image comprising the first flexible elongate instrument disposed in a body lumen, receive diagnostic scan or therapeutic delivery information at a plurality of locations of the body lumen from the first or second flexible elongate instrument, and correlate the information with the imaging markers. A display configured to display a composite image comprising the correlated diagnostic scan or therapeutic delivery information and the imaging markers.

Systems, methods, and devices allow percutaneous mapping, orientation and/or ablation in bodily cavities or lumens. Such may include a structure that is percutaneously positionable in a cavity, such as an intra-cardiac cavity of a heart. Transducers carried by the structure are responsive to blood flow. For example, the transducers may sense temperature, temperature being related to convective cooling caused by blood flow. A controller discerns positional information or location, based on signals from the transducers. For example, blood flow may be greater and/or faster proximate a port in cardiac tissue than proximate tissue spaced from the port. Position information may allow precise ablation of selected tissue, for example tissue surround a port in the intra-cardiac cavity.

Systems, methods, and devices allow percutaneous mapping, orientation and/or ablation in bodily cavities or lumens. Such may include a structure that is percutaneously positionable in a cavity, such as an intra-cardiac cavity of a heart. Transducers carried by the structure are responsive to blood flow. For example, the transducers may sense temperature, temperature being related to convective cooling caused by blood flow. A controller discerns positional information or location, based on signals from the transducers. For example, blood flow may be greater and/or faster proximate a port in cardiac tissue than proximate tissue spaced from the port. Position information may allow precise ablation of selected tissue, for example tissue surround a port in the intra-cardiac cavity.

A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a blood vessel includes a power source, a light guide and a plasma target. In various embodiments, the light guide receives power from the power source. The light guide has a distal tip, and the light guide emits light energy in a direction away from the distal tip. The plasma target is spaced apart from the distal tip of the light guide by a target gap distance. The plasma target is configured to receive light energy from the light guide so that a plasma bubble is generated at the plasma target. The power source can be a laser and the light guide can be an optical fiber. In certain embodiments, the catheter system can also an inflatable balloon that encircles the distal tip of the light guide. The plasma target can be positioned within the inflatable balloon. The target gap distance can be greater than 1 μm. The plasma target can have a target face that receives the light energy from the light guide. The target face can be angled relative to a direction the light energy is emitted to the plasma target. The plasma target can be formed from one or more of tungsten, tantalum, platinum, molybdenum, niobium, iridium, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, tungsten carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride and titanium carbide.

A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a blood vessel includes a power source, a light guide and a plasma target. In various embodiments, the light guide receives power from the power source. The light guide has a distal tip, and the light guide emits light energy in a direction away from the distal tip. The plasma target is spaced apart from the distal tip of the light guide by a target gap distance. The plasma target is configured to receive light energy from the light guide so that a plasma bubble is generated at the plasma target. The power source can be a laser and the light guide can be an optical fiber. In certain embodiments, the catheter system can also an inflatable balloon that encircles the distal tip of the light guide. The plasma target can be positioned within the inflatable balloon. The target gap distance can be greater than 1 μm. The plasma target can have a target face that receives the light energy from the light guide. The target face can be angled relative to a direction the light energy is emitted to the plasma target. The plasma target can be formed from one or more of tungsten, tantalum, platinum, molybdenum, niobium, iridium, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, tungsten carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride and titanium carbide.