Conventionally, a neuronal controller located inside the central nervous system governing the maintenance of the upright posture of the human body is designed from a control system perspective using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, wherein human postural sway is modeled either along a sagittal plan or along a frontal plane separately resulting in limited insights on intricacies of a governing neuronal controller. Also, existing neuronal controllers using a reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm are based on complex actor-critic on-policy algorithms. Analyzing human postural sway is critical to detect markers for progression of balance impairments. The present disclosure facilitates modelling the neuronal controller using a simplified RL algorithm, capable of producing postural sway characteristics in both sagittal and frontal plane together. The Q-learning technique of the RL paradigm is employed for learning an optimal state-action value (Q-value) function for a tuneable Markov Decision Process (MDP) model.

A system for display for an augmented/virtual reality-based decision-making simulation includes a controller configured to receive input from a user, at least one of an augmented reality or a virtual reality device configured to display a simulated environment, a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory stores one or more computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the system to: receive input by the user from the controller, indicating a selected scenario; display, on the at least one of the augmented reality or the virtual reality device, the selected scenario; receive input from the user, from the controller, to interact with the selected scenario; monitor one or more parameters associated with the execution of tasks in the selected scenario using the controller; and evaluate the user based on the monitored one or more parameters.

A method for calibrating respective estimated joint axis directions for each of a pair of body mounted sensors, one of the pair of sensors being located to each side of the joint comprising a joint axis, the sensors each calculating a pitch angle about respective first sensor axes and a roll angle about respective second sensor axes, the first and second sensor axes together with a third sensor axis orthogonal to the first and second sensor axes forming a sensor frame, the method comprising: receiving orientation data for each of the two sensors, the orientation data being associated with at least two different poses of the joint for each of the two sensors and the orientation data comprising the pitch angle and the roll angle of the sensor for each pose; calculating a sensor frame estimated gravity vector for each pose associated with each sensor based on the pitch and roll angles for each pose associated with each sensor and a gravity vector running along a vertical direction; and determining the estimated joint axis directions for the joint axis, relative to the first and second sensor axes, for each sensor that minimise a loss function concerning projections of each sensor frame estimated gravity vector for each pose associated with each sensor on to the estimated joint axis direction for the respective sensor.

Provided is an apparatus configured to estimate bio-information, the apparatus including a pulse wave sensor including a plurality of channels disposed in an isotropic shape, a force sensor configured to measure a force applied by an object to the pulse wave sensor, and a processor configured to detect a center of gravity based on pressure, applied by the object, in a space formed by the plurality of channels based on pulse wave signals measured by each of the plurality of channels included in the pulse wave sensor, provide a user with guide information with respect to contact of the object to the pulse wave sensor based on the detected center of gravity, and estimate bio-information based on the pulse wave signals and the force which are measured based on the guide information.

A system is disclosed herein for providing a kinetic assessment and preparation of a prosthetic joint comprising one or more prosthetic components. The system comprises a prosthetic component including sensors and circuitry configured to measure load, position of load on a curved surface, joint stability, range of motion, and impingement. In one embodiment, the system is for a ball and socket joint of a musculoskeletal system. The system further includes a computer having a display configured to graphical display quantitative measurement data to support rapid assimilation of the information. The kinetic assessment measures joint alignment under loading that will be similar to that of a final joint installation. The kinetic assessment can use trial or permanent prosthetic components. Furthermore, adjustments can be made to the applied load magnitude, position of load, and joint alignment by various means to fine-tune an installation.

A detecting method and a positioning analysis method of human functional joint rotation center are provided. The detecting method of human functional joint rotation center includes: step 11: in a continuous motion, a human functional joint rotation center FCR is abstracted as a center of a flexible ball; step 12: at any moment during a test, position coordinates of the center of the ball (i.e. FCR) at the moment are determined according to position coordinates of M1, M2 and M3, and then the motion trajectory of the FCR is obtained in the continuous motion; the positioning analysis method performs positioning analysis of joint positions based on morphological parameters collected by 3D scanning. The detecting method is based on an idea of flexible ball, its operation is simple within a certain error range, and the method performs very well in the continuity of trajectory of joint.

The present invention is directed to a device for measuring muscular fatigue through obtaining a signal generated by repetitive motions of a human body. The present invention features a system for measuring movements of one or more muscles of a body of a user in order to track muscular fatigue. The system may comprise an object. The system may further comprise a motion sensor configured to measure signals in response to a stimulation and transmit said signal to a computing device. The stimulation may comprise an action carried out repetitively over an interval of time. The motion sensor is configured to measure a progressive reduction in a signal over the repetitive motions and disposed relative to the one or more muscles of the body of the user. The computing device may be capable of measuring muscular fatigue by measuring parameters of the received signals and generating a muscular fatigue signal.

A method and apparatus for simulating, measuring and recording a subject's ability to perform a varying range of barrier reaches is provided. The apparatus includes a variable barrier reach instrument for simulating an actual barrier that the subject may lean against in performing a work task The variable barrier reach instrument may include a physical barrier having a substantially horizontal upper surface at a height above a base point. A sensing and recording device may be positioned proximate to the variable barrier reach instrument for sensing and recording a plurality of barrier reach data points as the subject bends forward against the physical barrier. A computer and an associated software program are also provided into which the recorded data points are entered. An algorithm may be contained within the software program that generates an interpolated arc reflecting the subject's reach at the physical barrier height from the recorded data points. Storage means associated with the computer are further provided for storing the interpolated arc and recorded data points.

An estimation method includes: transmitting transmission signals using M transmission antenna elements; receiving reception signals by N reception antenna elements; calculating, from the reception signals, a first matrix whose components are complex transfer functions indicating propagation characteristics between the transmission antenna elements and the reception antenna elements; estimating, using the first matrix, a position and an orientation of a living body relative to an estimation device; when the estimated position is in a first identification region and the estimated orientation is in a predetermined range from a first direction, identifying the living body based on time waveforms of the reception signals and a first training signal which is obtained in advance in the first identification region and corresponds to the living body; and adding, as an identification region for identifying the first living body identified, a new identification region based on an estimated position of the first living body identified.

A method of evaluating a joint includes obtaining test data indicative of movement of the joint during a test of the joint, generating visualization data for a three-dimensional representation of the joint to be rendered via a display, generating plane data for a representation of a plane to be rendered via the display with the three-dimensional representation of the joint, the plane having a position and an orientation fixed relative to a bone of the joint, adjusting the visualization data to animate the three-dimensional representation to depict, via the display, the movement of the joint during the test, and adjusting the plane data to update the position and the orientation of the plane in accordance with the movement of the joint.