Provided is a detector assembly for determining a ratio of lactate to pyruvate from dialysis, said detector assembly comprising: a first pump, a dialysis probe, a first tube fluidically coupling the first pump to an inlet of the dialysis probe, an infrared (IR) detector, a second tube fluidically coupling an outlet of the dialysis probe to the IR detector, and a controller. The first pump pumps a perfusate at a first flow rate to the dialysis probe, via the first tube, and to, in turn, pump a dialysate at a second flow from the dialysis probe to the IR detector, via the second tube. The IR detector detects respective absorbances due to lactate and pyruvate in the dialysate, and the controller determines the ratio of lactate to pyruvate in the dialysate.

It is provided a method and devices for detecting kidney failure and dialysis of a subject wherein the epidermis is irreversibly electroporated without generating any heat and a negative pressure is applied forming micro-conduits in the epidermis from which the interstitial fluid can be extracted, analysed and filtered to produce for example a dialysate and returned to the subject.

Fault detection and diagnostics for a microneedle array based continuous analyte monitoring device are provided. The electrochemical sensors, including the electrodes of the analyte monitoring device configured for measuring one or more target analytes, may experience various faults during use of the analyte monitoring device. By modeling the sensors as an electrical network, measurements of the electrical network may be correlated with operational parameters of the sensor. The voltage at the counter electrode provides an indication of the resistance or impedance between the working electrode and the counter electrode and is used to identify the occurrence of faults occurring at the continuous analyte monitoring device.

Disclosed is a wearable microneedle sensor platform for minimally-invasive, real-time monitoring of key biomarkers. In some aspects, a device includes a wearable epidermal sensor comprising an array of hollowed needles, each hollowed needle having a protruded needle structure including multiple layers forming a hollow interior, at least one hollowed needle including a working electrode to interact with one or more chemical or biological substances that come in contact with the protruded needle structure, at least one hollowed needle including a counter electrode to measure an electrical potential difference with the working electrode; and a wireless transmitter in communication with the sensor to generate output signals based on the electrical potential difference with the working electrode. The output signal represents β-hydroxybutyrate as a biomarker of ketone bodies.

Wearable blood pressure biosensors, systems, and methods for short-term blood pressure predictions are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a blood pressure prediction system is configured to provide short-term predictions of average blood pressures for future time period(s) or horizon(s) (e.g., for a coming week). The system can include models trained to predict future systolic values, diastolic blood pressure values, and/or trends. The models can be trained on data related to personalized body, health, and/or physical characteristics of the user, e.g., the current or previous blood pressure, amount of sleep, heart rate, blood glucose (BG), activity, weight, etc. In some embodiments, the models can also determine whether the blood pressure of the user will change or remain relatively constant over a period/range of time.

Disclosed is a system and method for performing measurements on a biological subject, and in one particular example, to performing measurements of analytes in a biological subject by breaching a functional barrier of the subject using microstructures, wherein the one or more microstructures include molecularly imprinted polymer for binding one or more analytes.

A needle member includes: a tubular side wall through which a hollow portion extends in a longitudinal direction. An opening portion connected to the hollow portion extends laterally through the tubular side wall. The tubular side wall comprises a side wall reinforcement portion located at a position opposing the opening portion, wherein the hollow portion is interposed between the opening portion and the side wall reinforcement portion.

Transdermal microneedles continuous monitoring system is provided. The continuous system monitoring includes a substrate, a microneedle unit, a signal processing unit and a power supply unit. The microneedle unit at least comprises a first microneedle set used as a working electrode and a second microneedle set used as a reference electrode, the first and second microneedle sets arranging on the substrate. Each microneedle set comprises at least a microneedle. The first microneedle set comprises at least a sheet having a through hole on which a barbule forms at the edge. One of the sheets provides the through hole from which the barbules at the edge of the other sheets go through, and the barbules are disposed separately.

Described herein are variations of an analyte monitoring system, including an analyte monitoring device. For example, an analyte monitoring device may include an implantable microneedle array for use in measuring one or more analytes (e.g., glucose), such as in a continuous manner. The microneedle array may include, for example, at least one microneedle including a tapered distal portion having an insulated distal apex, and an electrode on a surface of the tapered distal portion located proximal to the insulated distal apex. At least some of the microneedles may be electrically isolated such that one or more electrodes is individually addressable.

Systems and methods are provided for determining levels of an analyte in a biological fluid sample. A transdermal sampling and analysis device may include a substrate, at least one disruptor mounted on the substrate, a reservoir configured to collect and contain a biological fluid sample; a sensing element comprising at least two sensing electrodes, and at least one layer of a cofactor covering the sensing element in which the cofactor catalyzes a reaction to determine levels of an analyte in the biological fluid sample. The at least one disruptor of the transdermal sampling and analysis device may generate a localized heat capable of altering permeability characteristics of a stratum corneum layer of skin of an organism. The surface of at least one of the sensing electrodes of the transdermal sampling and analysis device may be coated with a sensing layer in which an enzyme immobilized within a hydrogel.