The present disclosure relates to a wearable device having a structure that prevents impedance measurement errors. The wearable device, which is used by being attached to the skin of a user, includes a plurality of electrodes spaced apart from each other, conductive members, blocking members, and absorbent members. A conductive member is positioned on one surface of each of the plurality of electrodes and comprises an exposure portion. A blocking member includes a different material from the conductive member and covers an outside of the conductive member so that the exposure portion is present within the blocking member. An absorbent member is positioned in the outside of the blocking member and comes into contact with the skin of the user.

A wearable monitoring system includes a first flexible substrate encapsulating a current ramping system to provide a current to an electrode in direct contact with a predetermined location of skin of a user to promote bodily fluid secretion, and a second flexible substrate placed over the predetermined location, the second flexible substrate having an integrated electrochemical sensor to determine bodily fluid concentration levels secreted through the skin.

Methods for treating fluid overload in a subject comprise shifting fluids directly and non-invasively from an interstitial compartment of the subject to skin of the subject through controlled local sweating. Methods of the invention allow for removal of excess fluid from the interstitial compartment of the subject and treat fluid overload in the subject. Sweat stimulation systems comprise a chamber and first and second relative humidity sensors. The chamber is sized to fit around a body part of a subject, comprises an inlet and an outlet, and is configured such that air flows through the chamber from the inlet to the outlet. The first relative humidity sensor is operably located inside the inlet, and the second relative humidity sensor is operably located proximate the outlet.

Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for multi-modal, wearable sensors, including an electrochemical-ultrasonic transducer-based sensor, that can simultaneously detect and monitor one or more bio-analyte markers and one or more physiological markers. In some aspects, a wearable, acoustic-electrochemical sensor device includes a flexible substrate, one or more electrochemical sensors disposed on the flexible substrate, a physiological sensor comprising an array of acoustic transducers disposed on the flexible substrate, wherein the sensor device is operable to simultaneously detect and monitor one or more analyte markers and physiological markers including hemodynamic parameters.

A device (154) for sensing sweat on skin (12) includes an analyte-specific sensor (166, 168) for sensing an analyte in sweat; a sweat stimulant reservoir (174, 176, 178) separated from a waste water reservoir (184) by a water-permeable, sweat-stimulant impermeable membrane (182). The waste water reservoir (184) has a wicking force that is not greater than the wicking force of the sweat stimulant reservoir (174, 176, 178). The waste water reservoir (184) removes excess water from sweat to prevent the dilution of the sweat stimulant from the sweat stimulant reservoir (174, 176, 178), thereby maintaining the effectiveness of the sweat stimulant.

A sensor for detection or quantitative measurement of a first target molecule in an analyte comprises: a first sensing node provided in solid phase on a solid-phase substrate, the first sensing node comprising a first radiation-activatable fluorescence material and a first recognition element for interaction with the first target molecule; and a radiation emitter optically configured to direct input radiation toward the first sensing node. The first radiation-activatable fluorescence material is fluoresce-able in response to interaction with the input radiation to thereby cause the first sensing node to emit first output radiation. One or more spectral characteristics of the first output radiation are detectably influence-able in response to interaction between the first recognition element and the first target molecule.

A detection system (100) detects at least ethanol in human sweat. The detection system (100) includes at least one sensor (105) that is an electrochemical gas sensor. The at least one sensor (105) is configured at least for the detection of ethanol. The detection system (100) further includes a measuring chamber (107), in which substances excreted by the user via the user's skin can be fed via a waterproof, gas-permeable diffusion membrane to the at least one sensor (105). The detection system (100) further includes at least one seal (127), which is configured to be brought into direct contact with the skin of a user and to protect at least the measuring chamber (107) from environmental effects.

The described embodiments relate to a self-regulating patch for taking biopotential measurements and balancing accurate measurements and user comfort. The self-regulating patch including: a heating element operable to generate heat that causes formation of sweat at the skin surface; a biopotential sensor; an exterior surface constructed of a moisture wicking material enveloping the heating element; and a logic to concurrently activate the biopotential sensor and transition the self-regulating patch between a plurality of modes, including a comfort mode and an accuracy mode, where in the comfort mode the heating element is inactive and in the accuracy mode the heating element is active.

Methods for treating fluid overload in a subject comprise shifting fluids directly and non-invasively from an interstitial compartment of the subject to skin of the subject through controlled local sweating. Methods of the invention allow for removal of excess fluid from the interstitial compartment of the subject and treat fluid overload in the subject. Sweat stimulation systems comprise a chamber and first and second relative humidity sensors. The chamber is sized to fit around a body part of a subject, comprises an inlet and an outlet, and is configured such that air flows through the chamber from the inlet to the outlet. The first relative humidity sensor is operably located inside the inlet, and the second relative humidity sensor is operably located proximate the outlet.

The present invention provides a biofluid sensing device capable of concentrating a biofluid sample with respect to a target analyte, so that the analyte can be accurately detected or measured by EAB sensors. Methods for using such a device provide qualitative information about the presence of the analyte, and/or quantitative information about relative concentrations of the analyte in the biofluid. The disclosed device includes a concentration channel for concentrating the biofluid sample, as well as a selectively permeable membrane, one or more EAB sensors, and one or more secondary sensors carried on a water-impermeable substrate. A method for using the disclosed device to collect a biofluid sample, concentrate the sample relative to a target analyte, and measure the target analyte is also disclosed.