An example system includes an elongated body, a fluorescent material, and a diffuse reflector. The elongated body defines a lumen and includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. The fluorescent material is configured to be in fluid communication with a fluid in the lumen. The diffuse reflector is configured to diffuse excitation light received from an excitation light source and direct the diffused excitation light toward the fluorescent material and diffuse the fluoresced light received from the fluorescence material and direct the fluoresced light toward a fluorescent light detector.

A contactless system for assessing tissue viability and other hemodynamic parameters includes one or more light sources configured to emit lights at a predetermined wavelength sensitive to hemoglobin concentration associated with spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations at tissue in a predetermined area of a human subject. One or more polarizers are each coupled to one or more of the one or more light sources and are configured to polarize the light to a polarized state such that the polarized light in the polarized state diffuses into the tissue in the predetermined area at a predetermined depth and the polarized light is maintained in the polarized state at the predetermined depth. One or more detectors each including a detector polarizer coupled thereto are configured to discriminate the light maintained in the polarized state and at the predetermined depth and are configured to generate a plurality of frames of the tissue in the predetermined area at the predetermined depth. A controller is coupled to the one or more light sources and the one or more detectors. The controller is configured to: acquire the plurality of frames, select a region of interest having the same coordinates for each of the plurality of frames, average the number of pixels within each region of interest to create a raw reference signal, detrend the raw reference signal to create a detrended raw reference signal, perform frequency domain analysis of the detrended raw reference signal, identify a frequency band of interest associated with the spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations, and perform an inverse fast Fourier transform within the frequency band of interest to generate a reference signal indicative of blood volume oscillations at a selected spontaneous hemodynamic oscillation. For each sample of the reference signal at a predetermined point in time, the controller multiplies the sample by each pixel of a frame at the same predetermined point in time to generate a three-dimensional coordinate matrix including a plurality of correlation matrix frames at each predetermined point in time. The controller adds the plurality of correlation matrix frames at each predetermined point in time to generate a two-dimensional hemodynamic map indicative of the strength of the spontaneous hemodynamic oscillation to assess the viability of the tissue in the predetermined area.

A system, particularly a photo-plethysmographic system, determines vital sign information of a subject. A marker includes a marker area such as fluorescent or luminescent pigments, that emits light towards a skin of the subject. Light reflected by the skin is encoded with information about blood in the skin. An attachment layer attaches the marker to the subject. A detector, such as an optical camera, detects radiation reflected from the skin of the subject, and an analysis processor determines the vital sign information, such as heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO.sub.2), of the subject from the detected radiation reflected from the skin of the subject.

There is provided a biological gas measurement device that continuously collects biological gas, and is able to immediately and chronologically measure a target substance from the collected biological gas. A skin gas measurement device includes a biological gas collector 10 having an aperture portion 11 in a side thereof that faces a living body, and having a recessed portion 12 that is connected with the aperture portion 11 and serves as a space for collecting biological gas, a measurement device 100 that measures a target substance in the biological gas collected by the biological gas collector 10, an outflow path 40 through which collected biological gas is discharged from the recessed portion 12 to the measurement device 100, and a correction device 124 that corrects measurements of the target substance performed by the measurement device 100, and enables measurement results of the target substance from which effects of moisture present inside the outflow path 40 have been excluded to be output.

An earpiece module includes a housing configured to be attached to an ear of a person, a first audio sensor within the housing configured to detect auscultatory sounds from an ear canal of the ear and generate a physiological information signal from the auscultatory sounds, and a second audio sensor within the housing and oriented in a direction towards an outside environment of the person. The second audio sensor is configured to detect sounds external to the person including voice sounds and footstep sounds, and to generate an environmental information signal from the external sounds. A processor is configured to receive the physiological information signal and the environmental information signal, process the external sounds in the physiological information signal and the environmental information signal to reduce the voice sounds and the footstep sounds from the physiological information signal and generate a cleaner physiological information signal.

Embodiments described herein relate to a catheter configured to detect at least one blood gas parameter present in blood in an artery of a patient, including, but not limited to, a catheter wall forming at least one lumen configured for umbilical arterial catheterization, at least one optical fiber incorporated in the catheter wall, wherein the at least one optical fiber is configured to detected the at least one blood gas parameter.

A system includes an earpiece and a telecommunications device in communication with the earpiece. The earpiece includes a power source, a processor configured to process at least one algorithm stored within the earpiece, and an optical sensor. The optical sensor includes at least one optical emitter configured to direct optical energy to a region of an ear of a subject wearing the earpiece and at least one optical detector configured to sense absorbed, scattered, and/or reflected optical energy emanating from the ear region. The telecommunications device is configured to modify the at least one algorithm, to download additional algorithms to the earpiece, and to activate and deactivate the optical sensor.

Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

A non-invasive measurement of biological tissue reveals information about the function of that tissue. Polarized light is directed onto the tissue, stimulating the emission of fluorescence, due to one or more endogenous fluorophors in the tissue. Fluorescence anisotropy is then calculated. Such measurements of fluorescence anisotropy are then used to assess the functional status of the tissue, and to identify the existence and severity of disease states. Such assessment can be made by comparing a fluorescence anisotropy profile with a known profile of a control.

The invention provides systems for characterizing a biological sample by analyzing emission of fluorescent light from the biological sample upon excitation and methods for using the same. The system includes a laser source, collection fibers, a demultiplexer and an optical delay device. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety as though fully set forth. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of-ordinary skill in the art in which this invention belongs.