A method of determining and treating disordered tissue in a patient incites energy signal generation from disordered tissue. An energy sensor structure obtains an energy signal from tissue of a patient. The obtained energy signal is compared in a processor circuit to a known energy signal of the same tissue under normal functioning of the tissue. The tissue is identified as disordered tissue when the comparing step determines that the obtained energy signal is different from the known energy signal. The disordered tissue is localized within the patient via the energy signal. A bodily disorder caused by the localized disordered tissue is diagnosed by an AI module. The bodily disorder is then treated.

Disclosed herein are wearable bands for biomarker tracking and methods for making the wearable bands. The biomarker tracking wearable band having a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), the PCBA including an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor utilizing printed Silver-Silver Chloride (Ag-AgCl) electrodes and an optical photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor utilizing more than two light emitting diodes (LEDs), and a directly over molded band encasing the PCBA.

A bio-electrode composition contains (A) a silicone bonded to an ionic polymer and having a structure containing a T unit shown by the following general formula (T1): (R.sup.0SiO.sub.3/2) (T1), the structure excluding a cage-like structure. In the formula, R.sup.0 represents a linking group to the ionic polymer. The ionic polymer is a polymer containing a repeating unit having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode which is excellent in electric conductivity, biocompatibility, stretchability, and adhesion, soft, light-weight, and manufacturable at low cost, and which prevents significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when wetted with water or dried.

A bio-electrode composition contains (A) a silicone bonded to an ionic polymer and having a structure containing a T unit shown by the following general formula (T1): (R.sup.0SiO.sub.3/2) (T1), the structure excluding a cage-like structure. In the formula, R.sup.0 represents a linking group to the ionic polymer. The ionic polymer is a polymer containing a repeating unit having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode which is excellent in electric conductivity, biocompatibility, stretchability, and adhesion, soft, light-weight, and manufacturable at low cost, and which prevents significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when wetted with water or dried.

Poroelastic materials, methods of making such materials, biosensors comprising such materials, and methods of making and using such biosensors. According to one aspect, a poroelastic material is formed by a process that includes depositing a prepolymer composition on a substrate, annealing the prepolymer composition in a pressurized steam environment at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to form a porous medium having a solid matrix formed of a polymer derived from the prepolymer composition, infiltrating the porous medium with a liquid that includes electrically conductive nanomaterials such that the electrically conductive nanomaterials are located within pores of the porous medium, and evaporating the liquid such that the electrically conductive nanomaterials remain in and/or connected through the pores of the porous medium.

The present invention relates to a stretchable nano-mesh bioelectrode having excellent air permeability and durability. Specifically, the stretchable nano-mesh bioelectrode includes a nanofiber elastic mesh sheet including polymer nanofibers formed by electrospinning; and a metal nanowire network having a portion impregnated onto the nanofiber elastic mesh sheet.

A bio electrode and a method of forming the same are provided. The bio electrode comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. The method of forming a bio electrode comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal.

A bio electrode and a method of forming the same are provided. The bio electrode comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. The method of forming a bio electrode comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal.

An apparatus and method of manufacturing same is provided. The apparatus comprises a base layer integrated with an article; an electrode mounted adjacent to a conductive layer, both the electrode and conductive layer mounted on the base layer; an active electrode board in electrical communication with the conductive layer and the electrode, the active electrode board configured receive and/or send electrical signals from the electrode. The electrode comprises filaments or filament yarn knitted into a textile. The filaments or filament yarn comprise thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) blended with one or multiple conductive filler/s for improving impedance at the skin-electrode interface.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silicone bonded to a sulfonimide salt, wherein the sulfonimide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.