An electrical interferential technique is used to determine operable treatment parameters which are then used to apply a treatment to a patient. A range of beat frequencies is applied to the patient and an indicator of autonomic nervous system activity is measured. When some degree of autonomic nervous system activity is detected, a subsequent trial is conducted using an overlaying range of frequencies, a narrower range or a single frequency, in an attempt to fine tune the reaction of the autonomic nervous system. The subsequent trial may use a different measure of activity of the autonomic nervous system. A garment having a series of electrode sites thereon may be used for a partially trained person to correctly apply electrodes to the patient's body. The treatments may be conducted while the patient is asleep.

Described herein are catheters for use in analyzing neural activity of nerves that surround a biological lumen. Such a catheter comprises a handle including a first, second, and third actuators, and a shaft extending from the handle and including proximal and distal electrodes that are selectively deployable. The first actuator is configured to selectively deploy the proximal electrode in response to the first actuator being manually maneuvered. The second actuator is configured to selectively deploy the distal electrode in response to the second actuator being manually maneuvered. The third actuator is configured to selectively adjust a longitudinal distance between the proximal and distal electrodes in response to the third actuator being manually maneuvered.

Described herein are catheters for use in analyzing neural activity of nerves that surround a biological lumen. Such a catheter comprises a handle including a first, second, and third actuators, and a shaft extending from the handle and including proximal and distal electrodes that are selectively deployable. The first actuator is configured to selectively deploy the proximal electrode in response to the first actuator being manually maneuvered. The second actuator is configured to selectively deploy the distal electrode in response to the second actuator being manually maneuvered. The third actuator is configured to selectively adjust a longitudinal distance between the proximal and distal electrodes in response to the third actuator being manually maneuvered.

An apparatus, system and technique selectively eliminates the noxious signal components in a neuronal signal by creating an interfering electrical signal that is tuned to a given frequency corresponding to the oscillatory pattern of the noxious signal, resulting in a modified neuronal signal that substantially reproduces a normal, no-pain neuronal signal. The disclosed system and technique of pain relief is based on the hypothesis that the temporal profile of pain signals encodes particular components that oscillate at unique and quantifiable frequencies, which are responsible for pain processing in the brain.

A flexible implantable electrode array is disclosed, comprising: a shank formed from a flexible polymer material. In an example embodiment, the shank comprises: a waveguide; and a number of chipsets disposed in the shank along the length of the shank, wherein each chipset is configured to measure neural activity in tissue surrounding the shank near the respective chipset, and to communicate signals representative of the measured neural activity via the waveguide. A method for powering and receiving neuronal information from a flexible implantable electrode array comprises: wirelessly communicating power and commands from a backplane to a plurality of chipsets disposed along the length of a shank via a waveguide disposed within the shank; monitoring neural activity proximate each chipset and sending a signal representative of said neural activity from the corresponding chipset transceiver to the backplane via the waveguide.

A flexible implantable electrode array is disclosed, comprising: a shank formed from a flexible polymer material. In an example embodiment, the shank comprises: a waveguide; and a number of chipsets disposed in the shank along the length of the shank, wherein each chipset is configured to measure neural activity in tissue surrounding the shank near the respective chipset, and to communicate signals representative of the measured neural activity via the waveguide. A method for powering and receiving neuronal information from a flexible implantable electrode array comprises: wirelessly communicating power and commands from a backplane to a plurality of chipsets disposed along the length of a shank via a waveguide disposed within the shank; monitoring neural activity proximate each chipset and sending a signal representative of said neural activity from the corresponding chipset transceiver to the backplane via the waveguide.

In some examples, a medical system includes one or more trialing leads implanted within a patient, one or more sensors configured to determine a value for a sensed parameter indicative of an activity level of the patient, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be configured to receive the value from the one or more sensors, determine whether the value is outside a threshold range, and—in response to determining that the value is outside the threshold range—generate information indicating a status of the one or more trialing leads. In some examples, processing circuitry may be configured to output an alert warning that patient movement could dislodge, or has already dislodged, the one or more trialing leads.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for robotic insertion of a screw, a rod, or another component of a surgical implant into a patient are disclosed. Synchronous insertion of screws is performed by multiple surgical robots or a single surgical robot having multiple arms and end effectors. The movements of each robotic arm are coordinated into position in preparation of the insertion of multiple surgical implant components at the same time or in the same surgical step. The insertion of the surgical implant components is performed while monitoring the insertion progress. The insertion is completed autonomously or in coordination with a surgeon.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for robotic insertion of a screw, a rod, or another component of a surgical implant into a patient are disclosed. Synchronous insertion of screws is performed by multiple surgical robots or a single surgical robot having multiple arms and end effectors. The movements of each robotic arm are coordinated into position in preparation of the insertion of multiple surgical implant components at the same time or in the same surgical step. The insertion of the surgical implant components is performed while monitoring the insertion progress. The insertion is completed autonomously or in coordination with a surgeon.

An electric signal transmission device including an electrode 11, disposed to be opposed to an electrogenic cell, and for sending and receiving electric signals to and from the electrogenic cell via the electrode 11.