Provided is a positive electrode active material particle including a core that includes lithium cobalt oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a shell that is located on the surface of the core and includes lithium cobalt phosphate represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, wherein the shell has a tetrahedral phase:
Li.sub.aCo.sub.(1-x)M.sub.xO.sub.2-yA.sub.y(1) wherein M is at least one of Ti, Mg, Zn, Si, Al, Zr, V, Mn, Nb, or Ni, A is oxygen-substitutional halogen, and 0.95a1.05, 0x0.2, 0y0.2, and 0x+y0.2,
Li.sub.bCoPO.sub.4(2) wherein 0b1.

A positive electrode active material which can improve cycle characteristics of a secondary battery is provided. Two kinds of regions are provided in a superficial portion of a positive electrode active material such as lithium cobaltate which has a layered rock-salt crystal structure. The inner region is a non-stoichiometric compound containing a transition metal such as titanium, and the outer region is a compound of representative elements such as magnesium oxide. The two kinds of regions each have a rock-salt crystal structure. The inner layered rock-salt crystal structure and the two kinds of regions in the superficial portion are topotaxy; thus, a change of the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material generated by charging and discharging can be effectively suppressed. In addition, since the outer coating layer in contact with an electrolyte solution is the compound of representative elements which is chemically stable, the secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.

Li-ion battery materials, such as Li-ion cathodes, are provided that have spinels characterized by a close-packed face-centered-cubic rocksalt-type structure and spinel-like ordered TM (the TM preferably occupying one of the two octahedral sites 16c and 16d) that favor fast Li transport kinetics. Such spinels have a larger deviation from a normal spinel and have a formula. Li.sub.1+xTM.sub.2-yO.sub.4-zF.sub.z where 0.2x1, 0.2y0.6, and 0z0.8; and TM is Mn, Ni, Co, Al, Sc, Ti, Zr, Mg, Nb, or a mixture thereof. The spinels achieve a higher gravimetric energy density than traditional spinels while still retaining high capacity at an extremely fast charging/discharging rate.

Provided herein are materials for use and processes of forming a material suitable for use in coating an electrically conductive substrate as used in an electrode for an electrochemical cell. The processes combine a cathode active material, a binder comprising a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer, a solvent, and an additive suitable for reacting with a double unsaturation when formed on the binder, and intermixing the cathode slurry to produce a cathode coating material. The presence of the additive is to react with one or more conjugated dienes formed by reaction of the binder with the cathode active material or portion thereof so as to prevent gelling or unacceptable increases in viscosity during electrode formation or storage of the cathode coating material.

Provided herein are materials for use and processes of forming a material suitable for use in coating an electrically conductive substrate as used in an electrode for an electrochemical cell. The processes combine a cathode active material, a binder comprising a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer, a solvent, and an additive suitable for reacting with a double unsaturation when formed on the binder, and intermixing the cathode slurry to produce a cathode coating material. The presence of the additive is to react with one or more conjugated dienes formed by reaction of the binder with the cathode active material or portion thereof so as to prevent gelling or unacceptable increases in viscosity during electrode formation or storage of the cathode coating material.

The disclosed technology relates to electrode layers of ion insertion type batteries and to electrode layer materials, wherein the electrode layer materials have a good electronic conductivity and a good ion conductivity, and wherein the electrode layers offer a good rate performance and a high storage capacity. The disclosed technology further relates to ion insertion type battery cells and batteries including such electrode layers, e.g., as an anode. The disclosed technology further relates to methods of forming such electrode layers and to methods for fabricating ion insertion type battery cells and batteries. The electrode layers according to the disclosed technology comprise titanium oxide comprising chlorine and may be deposited by atomic layer deposition at temperatures lower than 150 C.

The disclosed technology relates to electrode layers of ion insertion type batteries and to electrode layer materials, wherein the electrode layer materials have a good electronic conductivity and a good ion conductivity, and wherein the electrode layers offer a good rate performance and a high storage capacity. The disclosed technology further relates to ion insertion type battery cells and batteries including such electrode layers, e.g., as an anode. The disclosed technology further relates to methods of forming such electrode layers and to methods for fabricating ion insertion type battery cells and batteries. The electrode layers according to the disclosed technology comprise titanium oxide comprising chlorine and may be deposited by atomic layer deposition at temperatures lower than 150 C.

A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), and a glassy coating layer formed on surfaces of particles of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, wherein, in the lithium composite transition metal oxide, an amount of the nickel (Ni) in a total amount of transition metals is 60 mol % or more, and an amount of the manganese (Mn) is greater than an amount of the cobalt (Co), and the glassy coating layer includes a glassy compound represented by Formula 1.
Li.sub.aM.sup.1.sub.bO.sub.c[Formula 1] wherein, M.sup.1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and phosphorus (P), and 1a4, 1b8, and 1c20.

A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), and a glassy coating layer formed on surfaces of particles of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, wherein, in the lithium composite transition metal oxide, an amount of the nickel (Ni) in a total amount of transition metals is 60 mol % or more, and an amount of the manganese (Mn) is greater than an amount of the cobalt (Co), and the glassy coating layer includes a glassy compound represented by Formula 1.
Li.sub.aM.sup.1.sub.bO.sub.c[Formula 1] wherein, M.sup.1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and phosphorus (P), and 1a4, 1b8, and 1c20.

A method for forming a cathode includes milling a suspension of precursors via a micromedia mill to form a mixture of primary particles in the suspension. The precursors include one or more metal compounds. The method includes spray drying the suspension after the milling to form secondary particles. The secondary particles are agglomerations of the primary particles. The method also includes annealing the secondary particles to form a disordered rocksalt powder.