An electrode for a lead acid battery is provided. The electrode includes a pasting material distributed on the electrode and arranged to provide uniform current density. A lead acid battery having a plurality of electrodes, each electrode having pasting material providing uniform current density across the electrodes is also provided. A method for manufacturing a battery electrode is also provided and includes applying a portion of the electrode with a pasting material providing uniform current density.

A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.

A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A method for the manufacture of a paste composition suitable for the production of an electrode for lead-acid battery, including mixing a carbon nanofiller/lead oxide composite of a first particulate size with sulphuric acid, water and further lead oxide of a second particulate size. Also, the paste thus obtained, the composite used in its manufacture, and the electrode and lead-acid battery obtained from this paste.

A method for the manufacture of a paste composition suitable for the production of an electrode for lead-acid battery, including mixing a carbon nanofiller/lead oxide composite of a first particulate size with sulphuric acid, water and further lead oxide of a second particulate size. Also, the paste thus obtained, the composite used in its manufacture, and the electrode and lead-acid battery obtained from this paste.

Various systems and methods are presented in which lead acid batteries are serviced by removal, reconditioning, and refilling reconditioned battery paste into an assembly of typically bipolar electrodes that may be retained in a reusable housing and/or compression mechanism. Preferably, such batteries will include electrodes having a layer of a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrochemical and mechanical strength. and the battery paste may further include porous particles a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrolyte performance.

Various systems and methods are presented in which lead acid batteries are serviced by removal, reconditioning, and refilling reconditioned battery paste into an assembly of typically bipolar electrodes that may be retained in a reusable housing and/or compression mechanism. Preferably, such batteries will include electrodes having a layer of a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrochemical and mechanical strength. and the battery paste may further include porous particles a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrolyte performance.

A machine for and method of making a paste of active material for application to a grid to make a plate for a lead acid battery. In the machine and method sulfuric acid, at least one dry additive and red lead or leady oxide are mixed together and the mixture is cooled by a plurality of cooling zones to maintain the mixture at a temperature not greater than a predetermined maximum temperature.